Quiz: Anatomy_H10

Question 1

The primary capillary plexus of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system collects hypothalamic hormones from what structure(s)?

Choices:

• the infundibulum
• the median eminence
• the supraoptic nuclei
• the paraventricular nuclei

Answers:

• the median eminence

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Hypothalamic hormones are released at the median eminence where they are taken up by the primary capillary plexus for transport to the anterior pituitary.
• Continue

Question 2

What endocrine tissue is the primary source of aldosterone?

Choices:

• the anterior pituitary
• the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
• the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
• the adrenal medulla

Answers:

• the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is the primary source of aldosterone.
• Continue

Question 3

What is the name of the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla?

Choices:

• chief cells
• chromaffin cells
• principle cells
• follicular cells

Answers:

• chromaffin cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla produce and release epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Continue

Question 4

Labour and delivery may be induced by intravenous (IV) Pitocin, which stimulates uterine contraction. Pitocin is the trade name of a hormone released from what endocrine tissue?

Choices:

• the thyroid gland
• the posterior pituitary
• the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex
• the pancreatic islets
• the anterior pituitary

Answers:

• the posterior pituitary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Oxytocin, produced by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contraction.
• Continue

Question 5

Identify A.

Choices:

• Posterior pituitary
• Pars nervosa
• neurohypophysis

Answers:

• Posterior pituitary
• Pars nervosa
• neurohypophysis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary looks like neural tissue, but lacks neuronal cell bodies. The nuclei seen here belong to glial cells called pituicytes.
• Continue

Question 6

Identify B. Be specific.

Choices:

• Pars intermedia

Answers:

• Pars intermedia

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pars intermedia is at the border of the anterior pituitary with the pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary. It is characterised by the presence of cysts that are remnants of Rathke’s pouch.
• Continue

Question 7

Identify C. Be specific.

Choices:

• Pars distalis
• anterior pituitary, pars distalis
• pars distalis, anterior pituitary

Answers:

• Pars distalis
• anterior pituitary, pars distalis
• pars distalis, anterior pituitary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pars distalis, being derived from ectoderm, stains intensely, like typical endocrine tissue. Even at this low magnification, basophils, acidophils and chromophobes are identifiable.
• Continue

Question 8

Identify the structure of the posterior pituitary, A.

Choices:

• Neurosecretory body
• Neurosecretory bodies
• Herring body
• Herring bodies

Answers:

• Neurosecretory body
• Neurosecretory bodies
• Herring body
• Herring bodies

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Neurosecretory (Herring) bodies are the axon terminals of neurons located in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. They secrete either oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone.
• Continue

Question 9

Identify the cells of the posterior pituitary, B.

Choices:

• Pituicytes

Answers:

• Pituicytes

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The nuclei present in the posterior pituitary belong to glial cells called pituicytes. The nuclei of the neurosecretory cells are in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Only the axon terminals of the neurosecretory cells are present in the posterior pituitary.
• Continue

Question 10

Identify cell type A.

Choices:

• basophils
• basophil

Answers:

• basophils
• basophil

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Basophils can be recognized by their bluish-purple cytoplasm when stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Can you name the target organs of the hormones released by basophils?
• Continue

Question 11

What two hormones are released by cells B?

Choices:

• growth hormone and prolactin
• somatotropin and prolactin
• prolactin and growth hormone
• prolactin and somatotropin

Answers:

• growth hormone and prolactin
• somatotropin and prolactin
• prolactin and growth hormone
• prolactin and somatotropin

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! These are acidophils. They secrete growth hormone (somatotropin) and prolactin.
• Continue

Question 12

Identify cell type C.

Choices:

• chromophobes
• chromophobe

Answers:

• chromophobes
• chromophobe

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! These are chromophobes. They do not stain because they lack secretory granules.
• Continue

Question 13

Identify D.

Choices:

• capillary
• blood vessel
• red blood cells in capillary
• RBCs in capillary

Answers:

• capillary
• blood vessel
• red blood cells in capillary
• RBCs in capillary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! This is a capillary filled with red blood cells. Endocrine tissue is characterised by its dense vascularity.
• Continue

Question 14

Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• Pancreatic islet
• Islet of Langerhans

Answers:

• Pancreatic islet
• Islet of Langerhans

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The islets of Langerhans are surrounded by the acini typical of the exocrine pancreas.
• Continue

Question 15

Identify the zone of the adrenal cortex.

Choices:

• zona fasciculata

Answers:

• zona fasciculata

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Cells of the zona fasciculata are identifiable by the arrangement of their cells into elongated cords (“fascicles”) that run parallel to fenestrated sinusoidal capillary beds. They secrete cortisol in response to ACTH from the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary.
• Continue

Question 16

Identify the zone of the adrenal cortex.

Choices:

• zona glomerulosa

Answers:

• zona glomerulosa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Cells of the zona glomerulosa are arranged in knots, and it is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, located immediately below its CT capsule, which is identifiable in this image.
• Continue

Question 17

Identify the zone of the adrenal cortex.

Choices:

• zona reticularis

Answers:

• zona reticularis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The cells of the zona reticularis are smaller than those in other zones of the adrenal cortex, and are arranged in anastomosing networks. there is an abrupt transition to the adrenal medulla seen in the lower part of this image.
• Continue

Question 18

Identify the cell type depicted.

Choices:

• Chromaffin cells
• Chromaffin cell
• Chromaffin

Answers:

• Chromaffin cells
• Chromaffin cell
• Chromaffin

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to input from the lateral horn cells of the spinal cord.
• Continue

Question 19

Identify cell type A.

Choices:

• Parafollicular cells
• C cells
• C-cells
• Parafollicular cell
• C cell
• C-cell

Answers:

• Parafollicular cells
• C cells
• C-cells
• Parafollicular cell
• C cell
• C-cell

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! C cells are located in the interstitium between thyroid follicles. The follicles are easily identified by the presence of homogeneous, eosinophilic colloid in their lumena.
• Continue

Question 20

Identify cell type B.

Choices:

• Follicular cells
• Thyrocytes
• Follicular cell
• Thyrocyte

Answers:

• Follicular cells
• Thyrocytes
• Follicular cell
• Thyrocyte

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Follicular cells (thyrocytes) line thyroid follicles. They produce and secrete colloid into the follicular lumen. In response to TSH from the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary, they take up colloid and break it down, releasing T3 and T4 .
• Continue

Question 19

Identify cell type A.

Choices:

• Oxyphils
• Oxyphil cells
• Oxyphil

Answers:

• Oxyphils
• Oxyphil cells
• Oxyphil

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Oxyphil cells are larger, with great deal of eosinophilic cytoplasm.
• Continue

Question 20

Identify cell type B.

Choices:

• Principle cells
• Chief cells
• Principle
• Chief

Answers:

• Principle cells
• Chief cells
• Principle
• Chief

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Principle or chief cells of the parathyroid gland are smaller and clustered together forming knots of cells. They secrete parathyroid hormone in response to decreased blood calcium levels.
• Continue