Quiz: Anatomy_H16

Question 1

Which vessels run parallel to the base of the renal pyramid?

Choices:

• arcuate arteries
• peritubular capillaries
• interlobar arteries
• afferent arterioles

Answers:

• arcuate arteries

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Arcuate arteries are named for their shape - they “arc” across the base of the medullary pyramid.
• Continue

Question 2

Which type of epithelium lines the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Choices:

• simple cuboidal
• transitional
• stratified squamous
• simple columnar
• pseudostratified columnar

Answers:

• simple cuboidal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thick ascending limb is lined by cuboidal epithelium.
• Continue

Question 3

From what vessels do the afferent arterioles arise?

Choices:

• the interlobular arteries
• the efferent arteries
• the arcuate arteries
• the interlobar arteries

Answers:

• the interlobular arteries

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Interlobular arteries run between the renal lobules and give rise to the afferent arterioles that feed into the glomerulus.
• Continue

Question 4

Which of the following is a functionally important feature of the light cells of the renal collecting ducts?

Choices:

• a high level of aquaporin expression
• abundant mitochondria
• elaborate infoldings of the basal plasmalemma
• tall, dense microvilli

Answers:

• a high level of aquaporin expression

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! These cells must adjust their ability to absorb water.
• Continue

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Choices:

• intraglomerular mesangial cells
• modified cells of the distal tubule
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole

Answers:

• intraglomerular mesangial cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Intraglomerular mesangial cells are NOT a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
• Continue

Question 6

Identify the structure outlined. Be specific.

Choices:

• glomerulus

Answers:

• glomerulus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! This is the glomerulus, within the renal corpuscle.
• Continue

Question 7

Identify A.

Choices:

• Parietal layer
• Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
• parietal layer of the renal corpuscle

Answers:

• Parietal layer
• Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
• parietal layer of the renal corpuscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The parietal layer of the renal corpuscle is composed of a squamous epithelium, identifiable by the flattened nuclei.
• Continue

Question 8

Identify B.

Choices:

• Bowman’s space
• Glomerular space

Answers:

• Bowman’s space
• Glomerular space

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The capsular space separates the parietal and visceral layers of the renal corpuscle. It contains the glomerular filtrate that will enter the PCT.
• Continue

Question 9

Identify the structures outlined. Be specific.

Choices:

• Medullary rays
• Medullary ray

Answers:

• Medullary rays
• Medullary ray

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Medullary rays are identifiable by their straight course through the renal cortex between the renal corpuscles.
• Continue

Question 10

Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• Macula densa

Answers:

• Macula densa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The macula densa is identifiable by its tightly-packed, dark staining nuclei adjacent to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle.
• Continue

Question 11

Identify region B.

Choices:

• Vascular pole

Answers:

• Vascular pole

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vascular pole is identifiable by the presence of vessels filled with RBCs.
• Continue

Question 12

Identify region C.

Choices:

• Urinary pole

Answers:

• Urinary pole

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The urinary pole is identifiable by the continuity of the lumen of the PCT with the capsular space.
• Continue

Question 13

Identify D.

Choices:

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Answers:

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The proximal convoluted tubule is the continuation of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule. Notice the abrupt transition from squamous to cuboidal cells.
• Continue

Question 14

Identify A.

Choices:

• Distal convoluted tubule

Answers:

• Distal convoluted tubule

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The distal convoluted tubule is distinguished from the PCT by the clear lumen (lack of microvilli), tightly-packed nuclei and lighter staining.
• Continue

Question 15

Identify B.

Choices:

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Answers:

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The proximal convoluted tubule has an irregular to stellate-shaped lumen, due to the presence of numerous microvilli. The nuclei are larger, less tightly-packed and more pale-staining than those of the DCT. Also the cytoplasm stains more intensely.
• Continue

Question 16

Identify the structure indicated by A. Be specific.

Choices:

• collecting duct

Answers:

• collecting duct

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The borders between the cells lining the collecting ducts stain darkly, while those between the cells lining the PCT and DCT cannot be seen.
• Continue

Question 17

Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• Transitional epithelium
• Urothelium

Answers:

• Transitional epithelium
• Urothelium

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Transitional epithelium is identifiable by the numerous layers of cells and the domed shape of the lumenal layer.
• Continue

Question 18

From what tissue was this cross-section obtained from?

Choices:

• Vas deferens

Answers:

• Vas deferens

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vas deferens is identifiable by the presence of three layers of smooth muscle and the overall thickness of the muscular layer.
• Continue