Quiz: Anatomy_H2

Question 1

1. Which statement describes dense irregular connective tissue?

Choices:

• Its fibres are arranged into an interwoven meshwork sheet that has tensile strength in all directions.
• It forms tendons and ligaments.
• It lacks a blood supply, and therefore gets oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from surrounding tissues.
• It is more ground substance than fibres, by volume.

Answers:

• Its fibres are arranged into an interwoven meshwork sheet that has tensile strength in all directions.

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dense irregular connective tissue is dominated by collagen type I fibres arranged in a meshwork sheet. Because fibres run in all directions, tensile strength is imparted in all directions as well.
• Continue

Question 2

2. From the options listed below, choose the factors that can contribute to edema.

Choices:

• Increased vascular permeability
• Congestion of lymph nodes
• Obstruction of lymph flow
• Liver disease or damage
• Decreased venous pressure
• Elevated plasma protein levels

Answers:

• Increased vascular permeability
• Congestion of lymph nodes
• Obstruction of lymph flow
• Liver disease or damage

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Edema is caused by increased production of tissue fluid or decreased clearance of tissue fluid.
• Continue

Question 3

3. What is the function of fibroblasts?

Choices:

• Store lipids
• Release mediators of inflammation
• Differentiate into antigen presenting cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They are multipotent stem cells

Answers:

• Produce fibres & organic components of GS

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Fibroblasts produce the organic molecules of ground substances and fibres (collagen, elastin).
• Continue

Question 4

4. What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

Choices:

• Store lipids
• Release mediators of inflammation
• Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They are multipotent stem cells

Answers:

• Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following antigen exposure

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! B lymphocytes differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells upon antigen exposure.
• Continue

Question 5

5. What is the function of macrophages?

Choices:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes
• Release mediators of inflammation
• Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They are multipotent stem cells

Answers:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Macrophages are derived from blood monocytes. They are phagocytic and present antigens to lymphocytes.
• Continue

Question 6

6. What is the function of adipocytes?

Choices:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes
• Release mediators of inflammation
• Differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They store lipids

Answers:

• They store lipids

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Adipocyte stores triglycerides in a single, large lipid droplets within the cell.
• Continue

Question 7

7. What is the function of mast cells?

Choices:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes
• Release mediators of inflammation
• Differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They store lipids

Answers:

• Release mediators of inflammation

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Sensitized mast cells release mediators of inflammation (histamine, chemotactic factors) upon encountering antigen.
• Continue

Question 8

8. What is the function of mesenchymal cells?

Choices:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes
• They are multipotential stem cells
• Differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• Produce fibres & organic components of GS
• They store lipids

Answers:

• They are multipotential stem cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Mesenchymal cells are multipotential stem cells that can differentiate into different cell types (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.).
• Continue

Question 9

9. Which statement describes microphages?

Choices:

• Phagocytic and antigen presenting cells that are derived from blood monocytes
• They are multipotential stem cells
• Differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells following antigen exposure
• They respond to chemotactic signals to migrate from the blood into CT spaces
• They store lipids

Answers:

• They respond to chemotactic signals to migrate from the blood into CT spaces

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Microphages such as neutrophils and eosinophils circulate in blood. They response to chemotactic signals to migrate into CT space, where tissue damage/ inflammation has occurred.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The matrix of ordinary connective tissue is highly hydrated, due to the hydrophilic nature of its ___________.

Choices:

• Adhesive glycoproteins
• Elastic fibres
• Fibrocytes
• Proteoglycans
• Collagen fibres
• Integrins

Answers:

• Proteoglycans

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Proteoglycans are negatively charged and highly hydrophilic molecules. GS gel-like consistency is caused by the tight binding of water to proteoglycan.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Identify the class of tissue. Be specific.

Choices:

• Dense Regular CT
• Dense Irregular CT
• Elastic CT
• Reticular CT
• Areolar CT

Answers:

• Areolar CT

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Areolar CT can be identified by the variety of cell and fibre types. In addition, GS occupies a large volume of the tissue, as represented by the white space.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Identify the class of tissue. Be specific.

Choices:

• Dense Regular CT
• Dense Irregular CT
• Elastic CT
• Reticular CT
• Areolar CT

Answers:

• Dense Regular CT

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dense Regular CT largely consists of collagen type I fibres arranged in parallel arrays. Fibrocytes can be identified by the flattened and elongated nuclei.
• Continue

Question 13

13. Identify the class of tissue. Be specific.

Choices:

• Dense Regular CT
• Adipose CT
• Elastic CT
• Reticular CT
• Areolar CT

Answers:

• Adipose CT

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Adipose CT can be identified by the signet ring-like appearance, where the nucleus is pushed to the side and intracellular space is empty due to lipid extraction during tissue processing.
• Continue

Question 14

14. Identify the class of tissue. Be specific.

Choices:

• Dense Regular CT
• Elastic CT
• Reticular CT
• Dense Irregular CT
• Areolar CT

Answers:

• Dense Irregular CT

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The coarse bundles of collagen type I fibres running in and out of plane is characteristic of dense irregular CT.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Identify the class of tissue. Be specific.

Choices:

• Dense Regular CT
• Dense Irregular CT
• Loose CT
• Reticular CT
• Elastic CT

Answers:

• Reticular CT

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Reticular fibres dominate in reticular CT, where it forms a stroma which supports the tissue parenchyma.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Identify the fibre type at the tips of the arrows. Be specific.

Choices:

• collagen type I
• collagen type I fibres
• type I collagen
• type I collagen fibres

Answers:

• collagen type I
• collagen type I fibres
• type I collagen
• type I collagen fibres

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Collagen type I forms wavy fibres that disperse abundantly in loose areolar CT.
• Continue

Question 17

17. Identify the darker structure at the tip of the arrow.

Choices:

• Lymphocyte
• Macrophage
• Mesenchymal cell nucleus
• Nucleus of Adipocyte

Answers:

• Nucleus of Adipocyte

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Adipocytes appears like a ring with their darker stained nuclei pushed to the side.
• Continue

Question 18

18. Identify the cell type indicated by the arrow.

Choices:

• fibrocyte
• fibrocytes
• fibroblasts
• fibroblast

Answers:

• fibrocyte
• fibrocytes
• fibroblasts
• fibroblast

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dense regular CT consists of collagen type I fibres arrange in parallel arrays. Fibrocytes are usually squeezed between the fibres therefore only their elongated nuclei can be seen.
• Continue

Question 19

19. Identify the fibre type at the tips of the arrows. Be specific.

Choices:

• elastic
• elastic fibre
• elastic fibres

Answers:

• elastic
• elastic fibre
• elastic fibres

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Elastic fibres appear as the fine, straight and dark-stained fibres scattered in loose areolar CT.
• Continue

Question 20

20. What fibre type dominates in this tissue? Be specific.

Choices:

• collagen type I
• collagen type I fibres
• type I collagen
• type I collagen fibres

Answers:

• collagen type I
• collagen type I fibres
• type I collagen
• type I collagen fibres

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dense regular CT is dominated by collagen type I fibres.
• Continue

Question 21

21. In life, what fills the empty spaces indicated by the arrows?

Choices:

• ground substance

Answers:

• ground substance

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Ground substance fills the empty spaces in the loose areolar CT.
• Continue

Question 22

22. Identify the fibre type at the tip of the arrow. Be specific.

Choices:

• collagen type I
• type I collagen

Answers:

• collagen type I
• type I collagen

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dense irregular CT is largely made of collagen type I fibres that run in and out of plane of section.
• Continue

Question 23

23. Identify the fibre type at the tip of the arrows. Be specific.

Choices:

• elastic fibres
• elastic fibre

Answers:

• elastic fibres
• elastic fibre

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Elastic fibres can be found in elastic CT. In the absence of fibrillin (i.e in elastic artery), elastic fibres form fenestrated sheets, which resemble lasagne noodles in the image.
• Continue