1. The skin is ________ to the bones.
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2. The intestines are ________ to the esophagus.
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3. The lumbar region of the back is ________ to the cervical region.
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4. The head is ________ to the body.
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5. The heart is ________ to the lungs.
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6. The stomach is ________ to the heart.
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7. The elbow is ________ to the hand.
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8. The breast bone is ________ to the vertebral column.
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9. The spleen is an unpaired, left-sided structure. It is possible to see the spleen in all of the following planes of section, EXCEPT:
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10. The kidneys are bilaterally paired structures not found in the midline. In which plane of section is it possible to see only one kidney?
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11. Choose one INCORRECT statement regarding a human in the anatomical position.
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12. Which of the following planes divides the body into two symmetrical right / left halves?
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13. What movement is occurring in the knee?
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14. What movement is occurring in the spine?
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15. What movement is occurring in the spine?
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16. What movement is occurring in the wrist?
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17. What movement is occurring in the shoulder?
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18. What movement is occurring in the fingers?
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19. What movement is occurring in the knuckles?
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20. What movement is occurring in the shoulder?
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1. What is the target of somatic motor fibres?
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2. Which of the following functional subtypes of neurons is found in the dorsal ramus? Choose all that apply.
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3. What is the difference between a dorsal ramus and a ventral ramus?
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4. Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding the subdivisions of the nervous system.
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5. Which of the following classes of neurons are pseudounipolar?
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6. A dermatome is formed by contributions from both the dorsal ramus and the ventral ramus that arise from a given spinal nerve.
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7. Which of the following functional subtypes of neurons is found in a ventral root arising from the spinal cord in the cervical region? Choose all that apply.
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8. Which of the following functional subtypes of neurons is found in a ventral root arising from the spinal cord in the lower lumbar region? Choose all that apply.
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9. Which of the following functional subtypes of neurons is found in a dorsal root? Choose all that apply.
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10. What are the defining characteristics of dorsal root ganglia? Choose all that apply.
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11. Which of the following are mixed (both sensory and motor) nerves? Choose all that apply.
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12. Dorsal rami are typically larger than ventral rami.
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13. What are the targets of the sympathetic nervous system in the body wall and limbs? Choose all that apply.
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14. What nerves deliver sensory fibres to the skin overlying the vertebral column?
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15. What nerves deliver voluntary motor fibres to the muscle adjacent to the spine?
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16. Ventral rami are larger than dorsal rami.
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17. A patient presents with skin that is red and dry. What functional component of their peripheral nerves is not functional?
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1. Identify the CORRECT statement regarding the cervical vertebrae.
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2. What passes through the foramen indicated by the arrow?
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3. Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding the ligaments of the vertebral column.
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4. Identify the sacral promontory (click the image).
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5. Identify the CORRECT statement regarding the vertebral column.
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1. Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding the spinal cord and nerves.
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2. You are looking into the lumbar cistern. Which layer of the meninges contributes to the structure indicated by the arrow?
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3. Identify the CORRECT statement regarding the meninges.
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4. Click on the star that corresponds to the level at which a lumbar puncture is typically performed.
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5. This is a posterior view of a spinal cord in situ. Identify the structures indicated by the arrow.
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1. A nerve contains only somatic motor fibres and sympathetic preganglionic fibres. What nerve is it?
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2. A nerve contains only sensory fibres, bringing information into the spinal cord from the body surface and from internal organs. What nerve is it?
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3. A ganglion contains pseudounipolar cell bodies. Which ganglion is it? Choose all that apply.
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4. A nerve contains sensory fibres, somatic motor fibres and sympathetic postganglionic fibres. What nerve might it be? Choose all that apply.
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5. How do dorsal and ventral rami differ? Choose all that apply.
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6. A nerve contains sympathetic preganglionic fibres. What nerve might it be? Choose all that apply.
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7. A nerve contains sympathetic postganglionic fibres. What nerve might it be? Choose all that apply.
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8. A ventral root contains somatic motor fibres, but no sympathetic preganglionic fibres. At what level of the spinal cord is this ventral root located? Choose all that apply.
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9. Which spinal nerves are connected to the sympathetic chain by both a white ramus communicans and a grey ramus communicans? Choose all that apply.
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10. Which spinal nerves are connected to the sympathetic chain by a grey ramus communicans, but not a white ramus communicans? Choose all that apply.
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1. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus? Choose all that apply.
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2. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the dorsal scapular nerve (as indicated by the arrow)? Choose all that apply.
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3. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the long thoracic nerve (as indicated by the arrow)? Choose all that apply.
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4. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (as indicated by the arrow)?
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5. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the radial nerve (as indicated by the arrow)?
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6. Which dermatomes (spinal levels) contribute to the sensory distribution of the ulnar nerve (as indicated by the arrow)?
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7. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus (as indicated by the arrow)?
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