Quiz: Anatomy_Lab15

Question 1

1. The region anterior to the elbow is the ___________ ___________.

Choices:

• cubital fossa

Answers:

• cubital fossa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The cubital fossa is located anterior to the elbow. It is one of the transitional zones of the upper limb.
• Continue

Question 2

2. The region anterior to the wrist, through which tendons pass from the forearm to the hand is called the ________________ ___________________.

Choices:

• carpal tunnel

Answers:

• carpal tunnel

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The carpal tunnel is located anterior to the wrist (radiocarpal joint). This region is bordered by carpal bones and flexor retinaculum.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Neurovascular structures that pass between the neck or thorax and the upper limb must pass through the region known as the _________________.

Choices:

• axilla

Answers:

• axilla

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Major neurovascular structures from neck/thorax must pass through the axilla to reach upper limb.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Which of the following functional subtypes of neurons is found in a peripheral nerve innervating the body wall or limbs? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• postganglionic sympathetic
• somatic motor
• sensory
• postganglionic parasympathetic
• preganglionic parasympathetic
• preganglionic sympathetic

Answers:

• postganglionic sympathetic
• somatic motor
• sensory

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Peripheral nerves that innervate the body wall/limbs contain somatic sensory, motor and postganglionic sympathetic fibres.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Which spinal levels contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• T1
• C8
• C7
• C6
• C5
• T3
• T2
• C4
• C3

Answers:

• T1
• C8
• C7
• C6
• C5

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The brachial plexus forms from the ventral rami of 5 spinal nerves, C5 - T1. Remember, although there is a C8 spinal nerve, there is NO C8 vertebra!
• Continue

Question 6

6. The subclavian artery continues distally as the ________________ artery.

Choices:

• axillary

Answers:

• axillary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! When the subclavian artery enters the axilla, it becomes the axillary artery.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The axillary vein continues proximally as the _________________ vein.

Choices:

• subclavian

Answers:

• subclavian

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary vein continues as the subclavian vein to drain blood away from upper limb.
• Continue

Question 8

8. A _______________ nerve contains fibres from multiple spinal levels.

Choices:

• compound

Answers:

• compound

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Compound nerves contain fibres from multiple spinal levels.
• Continue

Question 9

9. What are the key characteristics of the musculocutaneous nerve in the arm? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It controls flexion of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.
• It controls abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
• It innervates the deltoid muscle.
• It controls extension of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.

Answers:

• It controls flexion of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The musculocutaneous nerve innervates muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, which are responsible for flexion of the elbow.
• Continue

Question 10

10. What are the key characteristics of the radial nerve in the arm? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It controls extension of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.
• It controls abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
• It innervates the deltoid muscle.
• It controls flexion of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

Answers:

• It controls extension of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of arm, therefore it controls extension of elbow.
• Continue

Question 11

11. What are the key characteristics of the axillary nerve? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It controls abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
• It innervates the deltoid muscle.
• It controls extension of the elbow.
• It controls flexion of the elbow.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

Answers:

• It controls abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
• It innervates the deltoid muscle.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle, which is a major abductor of the glenohumeral joint.
• Continue

Question 12

12. What is the cutaneous distribution of the radial nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

Answers:

• B

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve contains sensory fibres that are responsible for monitoring the skin of the posterior arm, forearm and lateral hand (B).
• Continue

Question 13

13. What is the cutaneous distribution of the ulnar nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

Answers:

• D

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ulnar nerve innervates the medial hand and one-and-a-half digits (D).
• Continue

Question 14

14. What is the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

Answers:

• E

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The median nerve provides sensory input from the skin of the palmar surface of the hand and lateral three and a half digits (E).
• Continue

Question 15

15. What is the cutaneous distribution of the axillary nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

Answers:

• A

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary nerve monitors skin on the lateral aspect of the shoulder (A).
• Continue

Question 16

16. What is the cutaneous distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

Answers:

• C

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The musculocutaneous nerve monitors the skin of the lateral forearm (C).
• Continue

Question 17

17. A _____ nerve contains both sensory and motor fibres.

Choices:

• mixed

Answers:

• mixed

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A mixed nerve contains both sensory and motor fibres, therefore when lesioned it can cause both motor and sensory deficits.
• Continue

Question 18

18. The _________________ nerve is most closely associated with the surgical neck of the humerus.

Choices:

• axillary

Answers:

• axillary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary nerve is closely associated with the surgical neck of the humerus, therefore injury to the area may lead to nerve damage.
• Continue

Question 19

19. The _________________ nerve is most closely associated with the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Choices:

• ulnar

Answers:

• ulnar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus where it is vulnerable to fracture or compression.
• Continue

Question 20

20. The _________________ nerve is most closely associated with the spiral groove of the humerus.

Choices:

• radial

Answers:

• radial

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve runs obliquely across the spiral groove of the humerus and is therefore vulnerable to fracture of its midshaft.
• Continue

Question 21

21. The region posterior to the knee is known as the ___________ ____________.

Choices:

• popliteal fossa

Answers:

• popliteal fossa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The popliteal fossa is located posterior to the knee. It connects the posterior thigh and the leg. It is a transitional zone of the lower limb.
• Continue

Question 22

22. Which spinal levels contribute to the lumbar plexus? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• L4
• L3
• L2
• L1
• S2
• S1
• L5
• T12

Answers:

• L4
• L3
• L2
• L1

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lumbar plexus forms in the posterior abdominal wall, from the ventral rami of spinal nerves from L1 to L4.
• Continue

Question 23

23. Which spinal levels contribute to the sacral plexus? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• S4
• S3
• S2
• S1
• L5
• L4
• Co1
• S5

Answers:

• S4
• S3
• S2
• S1
• L5
• L4

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sacral plexus contain ventral rami from L4 to S4 spinal levels. It forms in the pelvis, and together with the lumbar plexus, give rise to peripheral nerves that innervate the lower limb, abdominal wall and perineum.
• Continue

Question 24

24. The external iliac artery continues distally as the ___________ artery.

Choices:

• femoral

Answers:

• femoral

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! When the external iliac artery passes under the inguinal ligament, it becomes the femoral artery.
• Continue

Question 25

25. What are the key characteristics of the femoral nerve in the thigh? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It innervates the quadriceps muscle.
• It controls extension of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the hamstrings muscles.
• It controls adduction of the hip.
• It controls flexion of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Answers:

• It innervates the quadriceps muscle.
• It controls extension of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The femoral nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh, such as the quadriceps. These muscles are responsible for extension of knee.
• Continue

Question 26

26. What are the key characteristics of the obturator nerve in the thigh? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It controls adduction of the hip.
• It innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the hamstrings muscles.
• It innervates the quadriceps muscle.
• It controls extension of the knee.
• It controls flexion of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Answers:

• It controls adduction of the hip.
• It innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The obturator nerve innervates (most of) the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh, which are responsible for adduction of hip.
• Continue

Question 27

27. What are the key characteristics of the sciatic nerve in the thigh? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• It innervates the hamstrings muscles.
• It controls flexion of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the quadriceps muscle.
• It controls adduction of the hip.
• It controls extension of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.
• It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Answers:

• It innervates the hamstrings muscles.
• It controls flexion of the knee.
• It innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sciatic nerve innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh, the hamstrings. These muscles are responsible for flexion of the knee.
• Continue

Question 28

28. What is the cutaneous distribution of the femoral nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D

Answers:

• C

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The femoral nerve monitors the skin of the anterior thigh (C).
• Continue

Question 29

29. What is the cutaneous distribution of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D

Answers:

• A

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh monitors the skin of the posterior thigh (A).
• Continue

Question 30

30. What is the cutaneous distribution of the obturator nerve?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D

Answers:

• B

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The obturator nerve monitors skin of the medial thigh (B).
• Continue

Question 31

31. What is the cutaneous distribution of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Choices:

• A
• B
• C
• D

Answers:

• D

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh monitors the skin of the lateral thigh (D).
• Continue

Question 32

32. The femoral nerve arises from the _____________ plexus.

Choices:

• lumbar

Answers:

• lumbar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The femoral nerve arises from the lumbar plexus.
• Continue

Question 33

33. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh arises from the ___________ plexus.

Choices:

• sacral

Answers:

• sacral

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh arises from the sacral plexus.
• Continue

Question 34

34. The sciatic nerve arises from the ___________ plexus.

Choices:

• sacral

Answers:

• sacral

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sciatic nerve arises from the sacral plexus.
• Continue

Question 35

35. The obturator nerve arises from the _____________ plexus.

Choices:

• lumbar

Answers:

• lumbar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The obturator nerve arises from the lumbar plexus.
• Continue

Question 36

36. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arises from the _____________ plexus.

Choices:

• lumbar

Answers:

• lumbar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh arises from the lumbar plexus.
• Continue

Question 1

1) Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• lateral cord

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The first thing when looking at the brachial plexus is to find the ‘M’. The lateral peak indicated by ’A’ is the lateral cord.
• Continue

Question 2

2) Identify B. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• medial cord

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The medial cord is labelled ‘B’. It is identified as the peak on the medial aspect of the ‘M’.
• Continue

Question 3

3) Identify C. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• posterior cord

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cord is formed by the union of all 3 posterior divisions.
• Continue

Question 4

4) Identify D. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• musculocutaneous nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The musculocutaneous nerve is identified as the continuation of the lateral cord.
• Continue

Question 5

5) Identify E. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• ulnar nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ulnar nerve is identified as the continuation of medial cord.
• Continue

Question 6

6) Identify F. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• axillary nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cord give rises to the axillary nerve. The Axillary nerve passes the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of the humerus to innervate the deltoid.
• Continue

Question 14

14) Identify E. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The tendon of the long head of biceps brachii is labelled ‘E’. It is seen in the intertubercular (bicipital) groove, emerging from the glenohumeral joint capsule.
• Continue

Question 15

15) Identify F. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• capsule of the shoulder joint

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Capsule of the shoulder joint is labelled ‘F’. The tendon of the subscapularis can be seen inserting into the capsule of the shoulder joint.
• Continue

Question 16

16) Identify G. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• axillary artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery (G) once it enters the axilla.
• Continue

Question 17

17) Identify H. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• subscapularis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The subscapularis is one of the rotator cuff muscles. It is located on the anterior aspect of the scapula.
• Continue

Question 1

1) This is the AP Shoulder X-ray of a patient with a dislocated shoulder. What signs might you find in assessing this patient? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• abnormal sensation associated with the lateral aspect of the shoulder
• weakness of abduction of the shoulder
• abnormal sensation associated with the lateral aspect of the forearm
• abnormal sensation associated with the posterior aspect of the arm
• weakness of extension of the elbow
• weakness of flexion of the elbow

Answers:

• abnormal sensation associated with the lateral aspect of the shoulder
• weakness of abduction of the shoulder

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Dislocation of the shoulder can damage the axillary nerve, which crosses the posterior aspect of the anatomical neck of the humerus. The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid muscle and the overlying skin.
• Continue

Question 2

2) A child falls while climbing a fence and lacerates her axilla, damaging nerve A. Which movement (that you learned in Lab 14) would be most affected?

Choices:

• elbow extension
• elbow flexion
• shoulder abduction
• shoulder adduction
• shoulder flexion
• shoulder extension

Answers:

• elbow extension

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! This is the radial nerve, identifiable as it gives off the axillary nerve and then continues posterior to the shaft of the humerus. Damage to the radial nerve will affect elbow extension as the nerve innervates the triceps muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.
• Continue

Question 3

3) Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• latissimus dorsi

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Latissimus dorsi is the wide broad muscle at the back. It is responsible for medial rotation, adduction and extension of shoulder joint.
• Continue

Question 4

4) Identify B. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• teres major

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Teres major is labelled ‘B’. Remember, teres major and latissimus dorsi are BFF, they have same actions!
• Continue

Question 5

5) Identify C. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• infraspinatus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Infraspinatous is inferior to the scapular spine. It is one of rotator cuff muscle – lateral rotation of GH joint.
• Continue

Question 6

6) Identify D. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• spine of scapula

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Spine of scapula is labelled ‘D’.
• Continue

Question 7

7) Identify E. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• supraspinatus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Supraspinatus is superior to the scapular spine. It is responsible for initiating abduction.
• Continue

Question 8

8) Identify F. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• deltoid

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Deltoid is labelled ‘F’. This is a major abductor of the glenohumeral joint.
• Continue

Question 9

9) Identify G. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• axillary nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary nerve is labelled ‘G’. This nerve innervates the deltoid muscle and the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the shoulder.
• Continue

Question 10

10) Identify H. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• triceps brachii

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The triceps brachii is located in the posterior compartment of the arm. It is responsible for extension of elbow.
• Continue

Question 11

11) Identify I. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• radial nerve with deep brachial artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve and deep brachial artery are BFF! They travel together along the spiral groove of the humerus. The radial nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm.
• Continue

Question 12

12) Identify J. Be specific.

Choices:

• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• infraspinatus
• spine of scapula
• supraspinatus
• deltoid
• axillary nerve
• triceps brachii
• radial nerve with deep brachial artery
• serratus anterior

Answers:

• serratus anterior

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Serratus anterior is labelled J. This muscle is responsible for protraction of the scapula and abduction of GH joint.
• Continue

Question 13

13) Nerve A is damaged due to a shoulder dislocation. What movement would be most affected?

Choices:

• shoulder abduction
• shoulder adduction
• shoulder flexion
• shoulder extension
• shoulder lateral rotation
• shoulder medial rotation

Answers:

• shoulder abduction

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Damage to the axillary nerve, commonly caused by shoulder dislocation, will affect the action of deltoid muscle, which is shoulder abduction.
• Continue

Question 1

1) Identify A.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• piriformis muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The piriformis muscle (A) is a pear-shaped muscle passes out from the greater sciatic foramen and runs horizontally across the posterior hip! It is a lateral rotator of the hip joint.
• Continue

Question 2

2) Identify B.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• sacrotuberous ligament

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sacrotuberous ligament (B) extends from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity. It is a triangular-shaped ligament.
• Continue

Question 3

3) Identify C.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• superior gluteal artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superior gluteal artery (C) lies superior to the piriformis.
• Continue

Question 4

4) Identify D.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• inferior gluteal artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior gluteal artery (D) lies inferior to the piriformis.
• Continue

Question 5

5) Identify E.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• gluteus medius

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Gluteus medius is labelled ‘E’. It originates below the iliac crest and attaches to the greater trochanter anterior & superior to the hip joint. Hence, the muscle is responsible for hip abduction and medial rotation.
• Continue

Question 6

6) Identify F.

Choices:

• piriformis muscle
• sacrotuberous ligament
• superior gluteal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• gluteus medius
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• sciatic nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sciatic nerve passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis. The sciatic nerve innervates the posterior compartment of thigh.
• Continue

Question 7

7) What nerve innervates A?

Choices:

• superior gluteal nerve
• inferior gluteal nerve
• sciatic nerve
• femoral nerve
• posterior rami of sacral spinal nerves
• obturator nerve

Answers:

• superior gluteal nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius (A), gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata.
• Continue

Question 8

8) Identify A.

Choices:

• piriformis
• superior gluteal artery
• erector spinae
• gluteus minimus
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• piriformis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Muscle A is the piriformis. It can be identified by its pear/triangular-shaped appearance.
• Continue

Question 9

9) Identify B.

Choices:

• piriformis
• superior gluteal artery
• erector spinae
• gluteus minimus
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• superior gluteal artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superior gluteal artery (B) is sandwiched between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
• Continue

Question 10

10) Identify C.

Choices:

• piriformis
• superior gluteal artery
• erector spinae
• gluteus minimus
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• erector spinae

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The erector spinae (C) is the intrinsic muscle of the back that is located lateral to the vertebral column.
• Continue

Question 11

11) Identify D.

Choices:

• piriformis
• superior gluteal artery
• erector spinae
• gluteus minimus
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• gluteus minimus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Gluteus minimus (D) is deep to the superior gluteal artery and gluteus medius.
• Continue

Question 12

12) Identify E.

Choices:

• piriformis
• superior gluteal artery
• erector spinae
• gluteus minimus
• sciatic nerve

Answers:

• sciatic nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The sciatic nerve (E) emerges from the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis and continues into the posterior compartment of the thigh.
• Continue

Question 13

13) Muscle A is weakened due to a herniated disc. What movements would be most affected?

Choices:

• hip abduction and medial rotation
• hip adduction and lateral rotation
• hip extension and lateral rotation
• hip flexion and medial rotation

Answers:

• hip abduction and medial rotation

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Weakened gluteus minimus will affect hip abduction and medial rotation.
• Continue

Question 14

14) Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• quadriceps tendon

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! This image is of the anterior view of the thigh. The quadriceps tendon (A) attaches to the patella.
• Continue

Question 15

15) Identify B. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• vastus lateralis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vastus lateralis (B) is a quadriceps muscle. It is located on the lateral aspect of the anterior thigh.
• Continue

Question 16

16) Identify C. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• iliotibial band

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The iliotibial band (C) is the thickening of the deep fascia (fascia lata) on the lateral side of the thigh. Tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus both insert tendons into the iliotibial band.
• Continue

Question 17

17) Identify D. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• rectus femoris

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Rectus femoris (D) is one of the quadriceps muscles. It is located superficially in the middle of the anterior thigh.
• Continue

Question 18

18) Identify E. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• tensor fascia lata

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Tensor fascia lata (E) is a medial rotator and flexor of thigh. It inserts into the IT band.
• Continue

Question 19

19) Identify F. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• femoral nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The femoral nerve (F) enters the femoral triangle, then continues distally to innervate the muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh.
• Continue

Question 20

20) Identify G. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• femoral artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The femoral artery (G) accompanies the femoral nerves and provides blood to the thigh and leg. It is located medial to the femoral nerve.
• Continue

Question 21

21) Identify H. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• great saphenous vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The great saphenous vein (H) is closely associated with the saphenous nerve. The saphenous nerve is the only branch of the femoral nerve that continues beyond the knee. It is cutaneous to the medial aspect of the leg.
• Continue

Question 22

22) Identify I. Be specific.

Choices:

• quadriceps tendon
• vastus lateralis
• iliotibial band
• rectus femoris
• tensor fascia lata
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• great saphenous vein
• vastus medialis

Answers:

• vastus medialis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vastus medialis (I) is one of the quadriceps muscles. This muscle situated in the anterior compartment of the thigh, deep to the rectus femoris.
• Continue

Question 1

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 1) Identify A.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• head of ulna

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The head of ulna (A) is isolated from the proximal row of carpal bones by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
• Continue

Question 2

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 2) Identify B.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• fibrocartilagenous disc

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The triangular fibrocartilaginous disc (B) maintains alignment of the head of ulna against the ulnar notch of the radius. The disc extend from the ulnar styloid process to the medial aspect of distal radius.
• Continue

Question 3

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 3) Identify C.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• lunate

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lunate(C) is a carpal bone of the proximal row. A way to remember the position of the carpal bone from lateral to medial : SLTP(proximal),TTCH (distal)
• Continue

Question 4

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 4) Identify D.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• triquetrum

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The triquetrum (D) is located medial to lunate!
• Continue

Question 5

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 5) Identify E.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• scaphoid

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The scaphoid (E) is the first carpal bone in the proximal row when counting from lateral to medial.
• Continue

Question 6

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 6) Identify F.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• radiocarpal joint

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ indicates the radiocarpal joint. Remember, only the radius articulates with the proximal row of carpal bones.
• Continue

Question 7

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 7) Identify G.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• radius

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radius is labelled ‘G’. It’s distal end is larger than that of the ulna.
• Continue

Question 8

This is a coronal section of the wrist. 8) Identify H.

Choices:

• head of ulna
• fibrocartilagenous disc
• lunate
• triquetrum
• scaphoid
• radiocarpal joint
• radius
• distal radioulnar joint

Answers:

• distal radioulnar joint

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! At the distal radioulnar joint (H) the head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius. This joint participates in pronation and supination of the forearm.
• Continue

Question 7

7) Identify G. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• radial nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve passes the posterior aspect of the humerus, along the spiral groove, to innervate of the posterior compartment of the arm.
• Continue

Question 8

8) Identify H. Be specific.

Choices:

• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord
• musculocutaneous nerve
• ulnar nerve
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve
• median nerve

Answers:

• median nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The median nerve is formed by contributions from lateral and medial cord. It is identified as the dip of the ‘M’.
• Continue

Question 9

9) Nerve A is severed due to a knife wound. What movement(s) would be most affected?

Choices:

• flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm
• extension of the elbow
• abduction and lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint
• adduction and medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint
• flexion and medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint
• extension and medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint

Answers:

• flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscle of the anterior compartment of arm. Therefore, damage to this nerve affects flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
• Continue

Question 10

10) Identify A. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• brachial artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The brachial artery is the continuation of axillary artery in the anterior compartment of arm.
• Continue

Question 11

11) Identify B. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• deep brachial artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The deep brachial artery is a branch of the brachial artery that passes posterior to humerus into the posterior compartment of the arm.
• Continue

Question 12

12) Identify C. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• radial nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The radial nerve is posterior to the axillary artery. It travels along the spiral groove on the posterior aspect of the humerus with the deep brachial artery.
• Continue

Question 13

13) Identify D. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The axillary nerve crosses the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of the humerus with the posterior circumflex humeral artery. This nerve mainly innervates the deltoid muscle.
• Continue

Question 18

18) Identify I. Be specific.

Choices:

• brachial artery
• deep brachial artery
• radial nerve
• axillary nerve (with posterior circumflex humeral artery)
• tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
• capsule of the shoulder joint
• axillary artery
• subscapularis
• latissimus dorsi

Answers:

• latissimus dorsi

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The latissimus dorsi is labelled ‘I’. Its tendon inserts in the floor of the intertubular groove and the tendon of the long head of the biceps lies anterior to it.
• Continue