Quiz: Anatomy_Lab18

Question 1

1) Identify A.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• a sensory nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsal root (A) conducts sensory information from both the body wall and its contained viscera into the dorsal horn of spinal cord.
• Continue

Question 2

2) Identify B.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• internal vertebral venous plexus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A padding layer of adipose and the internal vertebral venous plexus (B) are contained within the extradural (epidural space) – space between the bony vertebral canal and the spinal dura.
• Continue

Question 3

3) Identify C.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• extradural (epidural) space

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The extradural (epidural) space is the space between the bony vertebral canal and the dura mater. You can find adipose padding and the internal vertebral venous plexus here.
• Continue

Question 4

4) Identify D.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• a purely motor nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ventral root (D) contains fibres that carry motor commands from the spinal cord to somatic and (sometimes) visceral targets.
• Continue

Question 5

5) Identify E.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• ventral median fissure

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ventral median fissure (E), together with the dorsal median sulcus, separate the spinal cord into right and left sides.
• Continue

Question 6

6) Identify F.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• dorsolateral sulcus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsolateral sulcus (F) and the ventrolateral sulcus subdivide the spinal cord white matter into the ventral, lateral and dorsal columns.
• Continue

Question 7

7) Identify G.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• subarachnoid space

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! CSF fills the subarachnoid space (G). The hydrostatic pressure of CSF holds the arachnoid mater against the dura mater and separates it from the pia mater.
• Continue

Question 8

8) Identify H.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• a mixed nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A spinal nerve (H) is a mixed nerve which contains both sensory and motor fibres.
• Continue

Question 9

9) Identify I.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsolateral sulcus

Answers:

• ventrolateral sulcus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ventrolateral sulcus (I) subdivides the white matter of the spinal cord into ventral and lateral columns.
• Continue

Question 10

10) Identify J.

Choices:

• a sensory nerve
• internal vertebral venous plexus
• extradural (epidural) space
• a purely motor nerve
• ventral median fissure
• dorsolateral sulcus
• subarachnoid space
• a mixed nerve
• ventrolateral sulcus
• dorsal median sulcus

Answers:

• dorsal median sulcus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsal median sulcus (J) runs the length of the spinal cord, dividing its dorsal white matter into right and left portions.
• Continue

Question 11

11) Which intervertebral disc has herniated?

Choices:

• L2-L3
• L3-L4
• L4-L5
• L5-S1
• S1-S2

Answers:

• L4-L5

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Start by identifying the sacral promontory, which marks the S1 vertebral body. Then count up to localize the herniated disc between the L4 and L4 vertebrae.
• Continue

Question 12

12) Identify A.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• ventral median fissure

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ventral median fissure is wider than the dorsal median sulcus.
• Continue

Question 13

13) Identify B. Quiz

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• dorsal median sulcus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsal median sulcus is labelled ‘B’. Remember, a fissure is deeper and wider than a sulcus!
• Continue

Question 14

14) Identify C. Quiz

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• somatic motor cell bodies

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Somatic motor cell bodies can be found within the ventral horn (C).
• Continue

Question 15

15) Identify D.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• dorsal column

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsal column of white matter flanks the dorsal median fissure.
• Continue

Question 16

16) Identify E.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• visceral motor cell bodies

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The visceral motor cell bodies (E) are located in the intermediate position between the dorsal and ventral horns. These are sympathetic between T1 and L2 and parasympathetic between S2 and S4.
• Continue

Question 17

17) Identify F.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• lateral column

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lateral column (F) of spinal cord white matter is defined by the dorsolateral and ventrolateral sulci.
• Continue

Question 18

18) Identify G.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• sensory cell bodies

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dorsal horn (G) contains sensory cell bodies, including those that code for pain and temperature.
• Continue

Question 19

19) Identify H.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• sensory axons enter

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Sensory axons enter the dorsal horn at the dorsolateral sulcus (H).
• Continue

Question 20

20) Identify I.

Choices:

• ventral median fissure
• dorsal median sulcus
• somatic motor cell bodies
• dorsal column
• visceral motor cell bodies
• lateral column
• sensory cell bodies
• sensory axons enter
• ventral column

Answers:

• ventral column

Comments:

• That's right! The ventral column of white matter flanks the ventral median fissure.
• Continue
• Correct

Question 1

1. An expanded subarachnoid space is a _______.

Choices:

• cistern

Answers:

• cistern

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Cistern is the term used to describe an expanded subarachnoid space.
• Continue

Question 2

2. What colour is CSF in a CT image?

Choices:

• black

Answers:

• black

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! In a CT image, CSF is black.
• Continue

Question 3

3. The vessels that usually rupture to cause a subdural hematoma are the ___________ __________.

Choices:

• cerebral veins

Answers:

• cerebral veins

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Cerebral veins cross the (normally potential) subdural space. When torn, the extravasated blood separates the arachnoid from the dura, forming a subdural hematoma.
• Continue

Question 4

4. A ____________ ______________ is an intracranial accumulation of blood that is characterized by gyral enhancement as seen in brain imaging.

Choices:

• subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answers:

• subarachnoid hemorrhage

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Rupture of cerebral arteries spills blood into the subarachnoid space, including the sulci between the gyri. The high signal blood in these spaces illuminate the gyri. This is gyral enhancement.
• Continue

Question 5

5. The tearing of meningeal arteries causes an intracranial accumulation of blood called an _________________ _________________.

Choices:

• extradural hematoma
• epidural hematoma

Answers:

• extradural hematoma
• epidural hematoma

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Meningeal arteries lie between the periosteal layer of the dura and the inner table of the cranial bones. When these vessels rupture, the periosteum is torn from the bony surfaces, causing an epidural hematoma.
• Continue

Question 6

6. Venous blood-filled spaces associated with the cranial meninges are called ___________ __________ ________________.

Choices:

• dural venous sinuses

Answers:

• dural venous sinuses

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Dural venous sinuses form along the lines of attachment of the cranial meninges.
• Continue

Question 7

7. Blood accumulation in brain sulci causes ___________ ____________, as seen in brain imaging.

Choices:

• gyral enhancement

Answers:

• gyral enhancement

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! When blood accumulates in sulci, its signaling characteristics outline the gyri. This is called gyral enhancement.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Cerebral arteries and veins are located in the ______________ space.

Choices:

• subarachnoid

Answers:

• subarachnoid

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The subarachnoid space contains the cerebral arteries and veins.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The two layers of the cranial dura are the ______________ and _______________ layers. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• periosteal meningeal
• meningeal periosteal

Answers:

• periosteal meningeal
• meningeal periosteal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Cranial dura consist of 2 layers: periosteal and meningeal layers.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The vessels that usually rupture in a subarachnoid hemorrhage are the ___________ __________.

Choices:

• cerebral arteries

Answers:

• cerebral arteries

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Cerebral arteries are located in the subarachnoid space. When they rupture, their extravasated blood enters the subarachnoid space.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Between which layers are the meningeal arteries located?

Choices:

• between the pia and arachnoid
• between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura
• between the periosteal layer of the dura and the bone of the skull
• between the arachnoid and the meningeal layers of the skull

Answers:

• between the periosteal layer of the dura and the bone of the skull

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! This is why their rupture tears the periosteum away from the cranial bones, causing an epidural hematoma.
• Continue

Question 12

12. An ____________ ______________ is an intracranial accumulation of blood that typically appears lens-shaped in brain imaging.

Choices:

• extradural hematoma
• epidural hematoma

Answers:

• extradural hematoma
• epidural hematoma

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The spread of blood in an epidural hematoma is limited by sutures where the periosteum is continuous between the internal and external surfaces of the cranial bones. This explains the typical lens shape of this type of intracranial bleed.
• Continue

Question 13

13. A ____________ ______________ is an intracranial accumulation of blood that typically appears crescent-shaped in brain imaging.

Choices:

• subdural hematoma

Answers:

• subdural hematoma

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! There is no anatomical structure to limit the spread of blood in the (normally potential) space between the arachnoid and dura, so the shape of a subdural hematoma mirrors that of the internal surface of the cranium.
• Continue

Question 14

14. What colour is acute blood in a CT image?

Choices:

• white

Answers:

• white

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The colour of extravasated blood in CT images changes over time, but in the acute phase it is bright white.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Visual stimuli are perceived in the ___________ lobe, specifically in the gyri adjacent to the _________ sulcus. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• occipital calcarine

Answers:

• occipital calcarine

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Visual stimuli are perceived in the primary visual cortex, which is located in the occipital lobe, specifically the gyri superior and inferior to the calcarine sulcus.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Sound is perceived in the ___________ lobe, specifically in the ______________ _______________ gyri. (3 words total; separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• temporal transverse temporal

Answers:

• temporal transverse temporal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Auditory stimuli are perceived in the temporal lobe, specifically the transverse temporal gyri, which comprise primary auditory cortex.
• Continue

Question 3

3. The cerebrum and cerebellum are separated by the _____________ fissure.

Choices:

• transverse

Answers:

• transverse

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
• Continue

Question 4

4. The motor speech area is located in the ____________ and ___________ portions of the inferior frontal gyrus. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• opercular triangular
• triangular opercular

Answers:

• opercular triangular
• triangular opercular

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The motor speech area, aka Broca’s area, is located in the opercular and triangular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus.
• Continue

Question 5

5. The portion of the ventricular system associated with the diencephalon is the ___________ ventricle.

Choices:

• third

Answers:

• third

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The third ventricle separates the bilaterally paired thalami, components of the diencephalon.
• Continue

Question 6

6. The two major gyri associated with the limbic system are the ______________ gyrus and the ______________ gyrus. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• cingulate parahippocampal
• parahippocampal cingulate

Answers:

• cingulate parahippocampal
• parahippocampal cingulate

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The cingulate and parahippocampal gyri are the two major gyri associated with the limbic system. These gyri are involved in emotion, memory and mood.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The frontal and temporal lobes are separated by the __________ fissure.

Choices:

• lateral

Answers:

• lateral

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The frontal and temporal lobes are separated by the lateral fissure.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Primary motor cortex occupies the _________________ gyrus of the _____________ lobe. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• precentral frontal

Answers:

• precentral frontal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Primary motor cortex occupies the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The portions of the ventricular system associated with the cerebral hemispheres are the ___________ ventricles.

Choices:

• lateral

Answers:

• lateral

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The portions of the ventricular system associated with the cerebral hemispheres are the lateral ventricles.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The major white matter structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the _________ _____________.

Choices:

• corpus callosum

Answers:

• corpus callosum

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The corpus callosum consists of masses of axons (white matter) which connect the two cerebral hemisphere across the midline.
• Continue

Question 11

11. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the ___________ sulcus.

Choices:

• central

Answers:

• central

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the central sulcus.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Primary somatosensory cortex, where sensations originating from the surface of the body are perceived, is located in the ______________ lobe, specifically in the _______________ gyrus. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• parietal postcentral

Answers:

• parietal postcentral

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
• Continue

Question 13

13. The auditory association area, where sounds encoding language are recognized, is located in the ________________ lobe, specifically in the posterior one-third of the ___________ __________ gyrus. (3 words total; separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• temporal superior temporal

Answers:

• temporal superior temporal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! Auditory association area, aka Wernicke’s area, is located in the posterior 1/3 of the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe.
• Continue

Question 14

14. The superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated by the ________________ sulcus

Choices:

• intraparietal

Answers:

• intraparietal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated by intraparietal sulcus.
• Continue

Question 15

15. The motor speech area is located in the ______________ lobe, specifically in the ____________ ________________ gyrus. (3 words total; separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• frontal inferior frontal

Answers:

• frontal inferior frontal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The motor speech area, aka Broca’s area, is located in the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe.
• Continue

Question 1

1. The dural venous sinuses that lie along the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the occipital bone are the _____________ sinuses.

Choices:

• transverse

Answers:

• transverse

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The right and left transverse sinuses lie along the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the occipital bone.
• Continue

Question 2

2. The parts of the brain that occupy the anterior cranial fossae are the ____________ _____________.

Choices:

• frontal lobes

Answers:

• frontal lobes

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The frontal lobes occupy the anterior cranial fossae.
• Continue

Question 3

3. The venous blood-filled spaces on either side of the sella turcica are the ______________ sinuses.

Choices:

• cavernous

Answers:

• cavernous

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The cavernous sinuses on either side of the sella turcica collect venous blood from the face and the base of the brain.
• Continue

Question 4

4. The dural venous sinus that lies in the attached edge of the falx cerebri is the ___________ _____________ sinus.

Choices:

• superior sagittal

Answers:

• superior sagittal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The superior sagittal sinus is attached to the superior edge of the falx cerebri.
• Continue

Question 5

5. The dural reflection that lies in the transverse fissure is the ___________ ____________.

Choices:

• tentorium cerebelli

Answers:

• tentorium cerebelli

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The tentorium cerebelli lies in the transverse fissure.
• Continue

Question 6

6. The straight sinus meets the superior sagittal sinus at the ____________ of sinuses.

Choices:

• confluence

Answers:

• confluence

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The confluence of sinuses is the point at which the straight sinus meet the superior sagittal sinus.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The opening in the tentorium cerebelli through which the brainstem passes is the _______ __________.

Choices:

• tentorial notch

Answers:

• tentorial notch

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The tentorial notch is the opening in the tentorium cerebelli through which the brainstem passes.
• Continue

Question 8

8. The dural venous sinus that lies in the free (unattached) edge of the falx cerebri is the ___________ ____________ sinus.

Choices:

• inferior sagittal

Answers:

• inferior sagittal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The inferior sagittal sinus lies in the unattached edge of the falx cerebri.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The bony feature that separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae is the _____________ ____________.

Choices:

• petrous ridge

Answers:

• petrous ridge

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The petrous ridge separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The dural reflection that lies in the median longitudinal fissure is the ___________ _____________.

Choices:

• falx cerebri

Answers:

• falx cerebri

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The falx cerebri lies in the median longitudinal fissure.
• Continue

Question 11

11. The tentorium cerebelli subdivides the cranial cavity into a ______________ compartment and a __________________ compartment. (separate answers with one space)

Choices:

• supratentorial infratentorial

Answers:

• supratentorial infratentorial

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The tentorium cerebelli subdivides the cranial cavity into a supratentorial compartment, which contains the cerebral hemispheres, and an infratentorial compartment, which contains the brainstem and cerebellum.
• Continue

Question 12

12. The parts of the brain that occupy the middle cranial fossae are the ____________ _____________.

Choices:

• temporal lobes

Answers:

• temporal lobes

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The temporal lobes occupy the middle cranial fossae.
• Continue

Question 13

13. The dural venous sinus that lies in the line of attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli is the ___________ sinus.

Choices:

• straight

Answers:

• straight

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The straight sinus is the continuation of the inferior sagittal sinus. It lies along the line of attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli.
• Continue

Question 14

14. The parts of the brain that lie on the superior surface of the tentorium cerebelli are the ___________ __________.

Choices:

• occipital lobes

Answers:

• occipital lobes

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The occipital lobes sit on the superior surface of the tentorium cerebelli.
• Continue

Question 15

15. The dural venous sinuses that lies along the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the petrous ridge are the ___________ ____________ sinuses.

Choices:

• superior petrosal

Answers:

• superior petrosal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! The superior petrosal sinus lies along the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the petrous ridge.
• Continue

Question 1

1. On protrusion, the patient’s tongue points to the left. Which cranial nerve must you consider? Cranial nerve ___#___, the ______________ nerve, on the ____________ side. (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• 12 hypoglossal left
• xii hypoglossal left

Answers:

• 12 hypoglossal left
• xii hypoglossal left

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN XII, the hypoglossal nerve innervates the ipsilateral tongue. When lesioned, the tongue, on protrusion, points to the weakened side.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Gagging occurs reflexively in response to the application of touch to the back of the pharynx. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory arm of this reflex? Cranial nerve ____#_____, the _____________ nerve (2 answers; separate with one space)

Choices:

• IX glossopharyngeal
• 9 glossopharyngeal

Answers:

• IX glossopharyngeal
• 9 glossopharyngeal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve, is sensory to the oropharynx and posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
• Continue

Question 3

3. The eyes blink reflexively in response to touch. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory arm of this reflex? Cranial nerve __#__, the ____________ nerve. (2 answers; separate with one space)

Choices:

• 5 trigeminal
• V trigeminal

Answers:

• 5 trigeminal
• V trigeminal

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN V, the trigeminal nerve, is general sensory to the surface of the eye.
• Continue

Question 4

4. A patient presents complaining about “seeing double”. You ask her to look straight ahead and notice that while her right eye is in a neutral position, her left eye is slightly adducted. You ask her to look to her left, and while her right eye moves properly, her left eye takes up a neutral position in the orbit. Which cranial nerve do you suspect is involved? Cranial nerve _____#______ the _________ nerve on the ________ side. (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• VI abducens left
• 6 abducens left

Answers:

• VI abducens left
• 6 abducens left

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN VI, the abducens nerve, abducts the eye. If the left abducens nerve is damaged, the left eye rests with a medial strabismus. On attempted abduction, the eye takes up a neutral position, unable to move beyond the midline.
• Continue

Question 5

5. When asked to "show his teeth" the patient's mouth pulls to the left side, and the right side of his face remains immobile. Cranial nerve ___#__, the ________ nerve, on the _____________ side (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• VII facial right
• 7 facial right

Answers:

• VII facial right
• 7 facial right

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN VII, the facial nerve, innervates the muscles of facial expression. If the right facial nerve is damaged, the patient will be unable to show his teeth on the right side.
• Continue

Question 6

6. You walk into your granny’s kitchen and begin to salivate, as she’s been baking cookies all day. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory arm of this reflex? Cranial nerve ____#_____, the _____________ nerve (2 answers; separate with one space)

Choices:

• I olfactory
• 1 olfactory

Answers:

• I olfactory
• 1 olfactory

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN I, the olfactory nerve, is responsible for the sense of smell.
• Continue

Question 7

7. Gagging occurs reflexively in response to the application of touch to the back of the pharynx. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor arm of this reflex? Cranial nerve ____#_____, the _____________ nerve (2 answers; separate with one space)

Choices:

• X vagus
• 10 vagus

Answers:

• X vagus
• 10 vagus

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN X, the vagus nerve, is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles of the pharynx.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Which cranial nerve would be associated with a loss of taste on the posterior 1/3 of the right side of the tongue? Cranial nerve ___#__, the ________ nerve, on the _____________ side (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• IX glossopharyngeal right
• 9 glossopharyngeal right

Answers:

• IX glossopharyngeal right
• 9 glossopharyngeal right

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve, delivers taste fibres to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
• Continue

Question 9

9. A patient presents complaining of imbalance, falling to the right, and difficulty hearing while speaking on the phone with it up against her right hear. Which cranial nerve do you suspect might be involved? Cranial nerve _____#_____, the ___________ nerve on the ____________ side (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• VIII vestibulocochlear right
• 8 vestibulocochlear right

Answers:

• VIII vestibulocochlear right
• 8 vestibulocochlear right

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance sensation in the ipsilateral inner ear.
• Continue

Question 10

10. A patient presents with a hoarse voice. On examination, they demonstrate a sagging palate on the left. Which cranial nerve must you consider? Cranial nerve __#___, the _____ nerve, on the _____ side. (3 answers; separate with one space each)

Choices:

• X vagus left
• 10 vagus left

Answers:

• X vagus left
• 10 vagus left

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN X, the vagus nerve is motor to the palate and the larynx.
• Continue

Question 11

11. The eyes blink reflexively in response to touch. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor arm of this reflex? Cranial nerve ___#____, the ____________ nerve. (2 answers; separate with one space)

Choices:

• VII facial
• 7 facial

Answers:

• VII facial
• 7 facial

Comments:

• Correct
• That’s right! CN VII, the facial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression, including the orbicularis oculi and obicularis oris.
• Continue

Question 12

12. You walk into your granny’s kitchen and begin to salivate, as she’s been baking cookies all day. Which cranial nerves are responsible for the motor arm of this reflex? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve
• cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve
• cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve.
• cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve
• cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve

Answers:

• cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve
• cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! CN VII and IX, the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, are deliver motor fibres to the salivary glands.
• Continue

Question 13

13. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the midbrain

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice Mickey Mouse’s ears, the cerebral peduncles, reaching ventrally and a pair of colliculi dorsally. Notice also the interpeduncular fossa and cerebral aqueduct.
• Continue

Question 14

14. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the open (rostral) medulla

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice at the open medulla the pyramids ventrally and the inferior cerebellar peduncles reaching posterolaterally. Notice also the fourth ventricle and the olives.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the midpons

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice the belly of the pons ventrally and the superior cerebellar peduncles dorsally with the beginning of the fourth ventricle between them.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the caudal pons

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice the middle cerebellar peduncles reaching posteriorly for the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle between them. Notice the belly of the pons ventrally.
• Continue

Question 17

16. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the midpons

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice that at this level, the belly of the pons ventrally and the middle cerebellar peduncles reaching posteriorly but they are not continuous with the cerebellum. If they were, it would be the caudal pons.
• Continue

Question 18

16. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the midbrain

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice that at this level, the cerebral peduncles reaching anteriorly, with the interpeduncular fossa in between them. Notice also a pair of colliculi, posteriorly.
• Continue

Question 19

16. Identify this brainstem level.

Choices:

• the midbrain
• the midpons
• the caudal pons
• the open (rostral) medulla
• the closed (caudal) medulla

Answers:

• the open (rostral) medulla

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Notice the pyramids on the ventral aspect and the inferior cerebellar peduncles reaching posteriorly but they are not continuous with the cerebellum. Notice also the fourth ventricle between the inferior cerebellar peduncles.
• Continue