Quiz: Anatomy_Lab6

Question 1

1. In which fascial compartment of the neck is the vagus nerve located?

Choices:

• the vascular compartment
• the prevertebral compartment
• the visceral compartment
• the investing compartment

Answers:

• the vascular compartment

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vagus nerve is located in the vascular compartment which is surrounded by the carotid sheath.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Identify A.

Choices:

• the maxillary sinuses
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the maxillary sinuses

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the maxillary sinus. It is one of the four paired paranasal sinuses. The maxillary sinus, being air-filled, is radiolucent, and therefore dark in the image.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Identify B.

Choices:

• the hard palate
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the hard palate

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ indicates the hard palate. It contributes to the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity. It is composed of the palatine process of the maxillary bone and the horizontal process of the palatine bone.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Identify C.

Choices:

• the nasopharynx
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the nasopharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The nasopharynx (C) is the space posterior to the nasal cavity.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Identify D.

Choices:

• the oropharynx
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx

Answers:

• the oropharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The oropharynx (D) is posterior to the oral cavity.
• Continue

Question 6

6. Identify E.

Choices:

• the frontal sinuses
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the frontal sinuses

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’E’ is the frontal sinus.
• Continue

Question 7

7. Identify F.

Choices:

• the posterior cranial fossa
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the posterior cranial fossa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cranial fossa (F) houses the brainstem and the cerebellum.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Identify G.

Choices:

• the mastoid air cells
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the mastoid air cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The mastoid air cells (G) are air-filled spaces within the mastoid process.
• Continue

Question 9

9. Identify H.

Choices:

• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the orbital plates of the frontal bone

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the orbital plates of the frontal bone. Anterior to ‘H’, you can see the opening of the orbit.
• Continue

Question 10

10. Identify I.

Choices:

• the sella turcica
• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the sella turcica

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘I’ is the sella turcica. It is a saddle-like depression in the body of the sphenoid bone. The pituitary fossa or sella turcica houses the pituitary gland.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Identify J.

Choices:

• the sphenoid air sinuses
• the sella turcica
• the orbital plates of the frontal bone
• the mastoid air cells
• the posterior cranial fossa
• the frontal sinuses
• the maxillary sinuses
• the hard palate
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the sphenoid air sinuses

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘J’ is the sphenoid air sinus. Mucous produced here will drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Identify A.

Choices:

• the sagittal suture
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the sagittal suture

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is indicating the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture joins the left and right parietal bones.
• Continue

Question 13

13. Identify B.

Choices:

• the lambdoid suture
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the lambdoid suture

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the lambdoid suture. The lambdoid suture joins the sagittal suture at ‘lambda’.
• Continue

Question 14

14. Identify C.

Choices:

• the frontal air sinus
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the frontal air sinus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the frontal air sinus. Because they contain air, sinuses are more radiolucent than bone and therefore are darker in X-ray.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Identify D.

Choices:

• the orbital margin
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus

Answers:

• the orbital margin

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the orbital margin. It can be identified by its sharp, radiodense (white) margin.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Identify E.

Choices:

• the ethmoid air cells
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the ethmoid air cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ethmoid air cells (E) are located medial to the orbits. Their contained air makes them radiolucent (dark).
• Continue

Question 17

17. Identify F.

Choices:

• the maxillary sinus
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the maxillary sinus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The maxillary sinus (F) is the radiolucent region located inferior to the orbit, lateral to the nasal cavity and superior to the maxillary molars.
• Continue

Question 18

18. Identify G.

Choices:

• the inferior concha
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the inferior concha

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the inferior conchae. Recall: the inferior conchae is an individual bone, NOT part of the ethmoid bone!
• Continue

Question 19

19. Identify H.

Choices:

• the petrous ridge
• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the petrous ridge

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The petrous ridge (H) of the temporal bone separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae.
• Continue

Question 20

20. Identify I.

Choices:

• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the middle concha
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lesser wing of sphenoid bone (I) separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
• Continue

Question 21

21. Identify J.

Choices:

• the middle concha
• the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• the petrous ridge
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the ethmoid air cells
• the sagittal suture
• the lambdoid suture
• the frontal air sinus
• the orbital margin

Answers:

• the middle concha

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The middle concha (J) is superior to the inferior concha. It is part of the ethmoid bone.
• Continue

Question 22

2. Identify A.

Choices:

• the sphenoid air sinus
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the sphenoid air sinus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the sphenoid air sinus.
• Continue

Question 23

23. Identify B.

Choices:

• the nasopharynx
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the nasopharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The nasopharynx (B) is located below the sphenoid air sinus and posterior to the nasal cavity.
• Continue

Question 24

24. Identify C.

Choices:

• the oropharynx
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the oropharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The oropharynx (C) is posterior to the oral cavity. It extends from the tip of the soft palate to the upper margin of the epiglottis.
• Continue

Question 25

25. Identify D.

Choices:

• the laryngopharynx
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx

Answers:

• the laryngopharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The laryngopharynx (D) extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
• Continue

Question 26

26. Identify E.

Choices:

• the larynx
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the larynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the larynx. At the level of the laryngopharynx, the esophagus and the airway diverge. The esophagus is posterior to the larynx and trachea.
• Continue

Question 27

27. Identify F.

Choices:

• the trachea
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the trachea

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the trachea, which begins inferior to the larynx.
• Continue

Question 28

28. Identify G.

Choices:

• the dens of C2
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the dens of C2

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the dens of C2. Recall that the C1 vertebral body fuses with the C2 vertebral body, forming the dens of the axis.
• Continue

Question 29

29. Identify H.

Choices:

• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is indicating the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas. Recall that the dens articulates with the internal surface of the anterior arch.
• Continue

Question 30

30. Identify I.

Choices:

• the hard palate
• the soft palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the hard palate

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘I’ is the hard palate. The palatine process of the maxillary bone and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone form the hard palate.
• Continue

Question 31

31. Identify J.

Choices:

• the soft palate
• the hard palate
• the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas
• the dens of C2
• the trachea
• the larynx
• the sphenoid air sinus
• the nasopharynx
• the oropharynx
• the laryngopharynx

Answers:

• the soft palate

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The soft palate (J) is the muscular portion of the palate.
• Continue

Question 32

32. Identify A.

Choices:

• the ethmoid air cells
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the ethmoid air cells

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The ethmoid air cells are air-filled spaces medial to the eyes.
• Continue

Question 33

33. Identify B.

Choices:

• the inferior concha
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the inferior concha

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior concha (B) is the largest concha and it is located close to the floor of nasal cavity.
• Continue

Question 34

34. Identify C.

Choices:

• the maxillary sinus
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the maxillary sinus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The maxillary sinus (C) is located lateral to the nasal cavity. The mucous produced in this sinus is drained into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus.
• Continue

Question 35

35. Identify D.

Choices:

• the inferior meatus
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus

Answers:

• the inferior meatus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior meatus (D) is the space underneath the inferior concha.
• Continue

Question 36

36. Identify E.

Choices:

• the crista galli
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the crista galli

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The crista galli (E) is part of the ethmoid bone that extends superiorly above the cribriform plate. In Latin, the words mean the comb of a rooster.
• Continue

Question 37

37. Identify F.

Choices:

• the middle concha
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the middle concha

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’F’ is the middle concha, which is superior to the inferior concha (B).
• Continue

Question 38

38. Identify G.

Choices:

• the middle meatus
• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the middle meatus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the middle meatus, a space underneath the middle concha.
• Continue

Question 39

39. Identify H.

Choices:

• the orbit
• the oral cavity
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the orbit

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the orbit, a circular socket that houses the eyeball.
• Continue

Question 40

40. Identify I.

Choices:

• the oral cavity
• the orbit
• the middle meatus
• the middle concha
• the crista galli
• the ethmoid air cells
• the inferior concha
• the maxillary sinus
• the inferior meatus

Answers:

• the oral cavity

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The oral cavity (I) is bordered by the hard palate superiorly and the maxillary and mandibular teeth laterally. The tongue occupies most of the space in the oral cavity.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Identify A.

Choices:

• superior cervical ganglion
• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answers:

• superior cervical ganglion

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the superior cervical ganglion. The ganglion contain postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies. The fibres that arise from it form the carotid plexus and provide sympathetic innervation to targets in the face. Note that the ganglion is medial to the internal carotid artery.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Identify B.

Choices:

• common carotid artery
• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• superior cervical ganglion
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answers:

• common carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The common carotid artery (B) is medial to the internal jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Identify C.

Choices:

• internal jugular vein
• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• superior cervical ganglion
• common carotid artery
• vagus nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answers:

• internal jugular vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the internal jugular vein. Note that it is lateral to the common carotid artery.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Identify D.

Choices:

• vagus nerve
• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• superior cervical ganglion
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answers:

• vagus nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the vagus nerve. Note that it is located between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. All of these structures are normally enclosed in the carotid sheath; the sheath has been removed in the creation of this prosection.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Identify E.

Choices:

• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• superior cervical ganglion
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’E’ is the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is a large muscle that originates from the sternum and clavicle and attaches to the mastoid process. It is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
• Continue

Question 6

6. Identify F.

Choices:

• the accessory nerve, CN XI
• superior cervical ganglion
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answers:

• the accessory nerve, CN XI

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the accessory nerve, C.N. XI. The accessory nerve innervates the SCM - if you can identify one, you can identify the other!
• Continue

Question 7

7. Identify A.

Choices:

• stylopharyngeus
• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• hyoid bone, greater horn
• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answers:

• stylopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The stylopharyngeus (A) passes between the upper and middle constrictors to access the luminal surface of the pharynx.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Identify B.

Choices:

• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• stylopharyngeus
• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• hyoid bone, greater horn
• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answers:

• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX. Note that a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve travels with, and innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle.
• Continue

Question 9

9. Identify C.

Choices:

• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• stylopharyngeus
• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• hyoid bone, greater horn
• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answers:

• superior pharyngeal constrictor

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’C’ is the superior pharyngeal constrictor. The muscle is partially encircled by the middle pharyngeal constrictor. Another way to identify the muscle is by locating the stylopharyngeus, which passes between superior and middle constrictors.
• Continue

Question 10

10. Identify D.

Choices:

• hyoid bone, greater horn
• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• stylopharyngeus
• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answers:

• hyoid bone, greater horn

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the greater horn of the hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is a point of attachment of the middle pharyngeal constrictor, and as such, it is a landmark in the region.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Identify E.

Choices:

• middle pharyngeal constrictor
• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• stylopharyngeus
• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• hyoid bone, greater horn

Answers:

• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the middle pharyngeal constrictor. Since the stylopharyngeus passes between the middle and superior pharyngeal constrictors, it helps you to identify both constrictors.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Identify F.

Choices:

• inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• stylopharyngeus
• glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• hyoid bone, greater horn
• middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answers:

• inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior pharyngeal constrictor (F) partially encircles the middle pharyngeal constrictor.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Identify A.

Choices:

• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• sternocleidomastoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’A’ is the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Note: if you see a nerve diving into the deep surface of the SCM, it is the accessory nerve, CN XI
• Continue

Question 2

2. Identify B.

Choices:

• middle scalene muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• middle scalene muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the middle scalene muscle. Note that the muscle lies posterior to the roots of the brachial plexus.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Identify C.

Choices:

• thyroid prominence
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• thyroid prominence

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the thyroid prominence.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Identify D.

Choices:

• anterior scalene muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• anterior scalene muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the anterior scalene muscle. Note that the anterior scalene muscle lies anterior to the roots of the brachial plexus.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Identify E.

Choices:

• roots of the brachial plexus
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle

Answers:

• roots of the brachial plexus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the roots of brachial plexus. Note that the roots of the brachial plexus emerge in the neck between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
• Continue

Question 6

6. Identify F.

Choices:

• phrenic nerve
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• phrenic nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The phrenic nerve (F) lies on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle.
• Continue

Question 7

7. Identify G.

Choices:

• internal jugular vein
• common carotid artery
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• internal jugular vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the internal jugular vein. Note that the internal jugular vein is lateral to the common carotid artery.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Identify H.

Choices:

• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• phrenic nerve
• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• middle scalene muscle
• thyroid prominence
• anterior scalene muscle
• roots of the brachial plexus

Answers:

• common carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the common carotid artery. Note that the common carotid artery is medial to the internal jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 9

9. Identify A.

Choices:

• sternohyoid muscle
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• sternohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the sternohyoid muscle. It originates from the sternum and attaches to the hyoid bone. Upon contraction, the muscle depresses the larynx by pulling the hyoid down.
• Continue

Question 10

10. Identify B.

Choices:

• omohyoid muscle
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• omohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the omohyoid muscle. It’s name, too, describes its attachments; “omo” means “shoulder”, and this muscle extends from the scapula to the hyoid bone.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Identify C.

Choices:

• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It, and its BFF, the stylohyoid muscle, are innervated by the facial nerve, CN VII.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Identify D.

Choices:

• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the anterior belly of the digastric. It and the mylohyoid are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V3. In contrast, the posterior belly of the digastric and its BFF the stylohyoid are innervated by the facial nerve, CN VII.
• Continue

Question 13

13. Identify E.

Choices:

• mylohyoid muscle
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Answers:

• mylohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the mylohyoid muscle. It and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, CN V3.
• Continue

Question 14

14. Identify F.

Choices:

• internal jugular vein
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• internal jugular vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the internal jugular vein. Note that it runs in the shelter of the SCM, which has been retracted here.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Identify G.

Choices:

• common carotid artery
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• common carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the common carotid artery. Note that it is medial to the internal jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Identify H.

Choices:

• external carotid artery
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• external carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the external carotid artery. Note that, unlike the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery has branches in the neck.
• Continue

Question 17

17. Identify I.

Choices:

• internal carotid artery
• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• internal carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘I’ is the internal carotid artery. Note that the internal carotid artery has no branches in the neck and lies lateral to the external carotid artery.
• Continue

Question 18

18. Identify J.

Choices:

• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• sternohyoid muscle
• omohyoid muscle
• posterior belly of the digastric muscle
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• hypoglossal nerve, CN XII

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘J’ is the hypoglossal nerve, CN XII. Note that the hypoglossal nerve swings superficial to the carotid arteries, then disappears deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the lateral border of the mylohyoid muscle to enter the floor of the mouth.
• Continue

Question 19

19. Identify A.

Choices:

• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
• Continue

Question 20

20. Identify B.

Choices:

• mylohyoid muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• mylohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the mylohyoid muscle. It and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, CN V3.
• Continue

Question 21

21. Identify C.

Choices:

• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle. It connects the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles.
• Continue

Question 22

22. Identify D.

Choices:

• stylohyoid muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• stylohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘D’ is the stylohyoid muscle. Note that the attachment of the stylohyoid to the hyoid bone lies inferior to the tendon of the posterior belly of the digastric. Also, while the digastric is tendinous at this point, the stylohyoid muscle is still fleshy.
• Continue

Question 23

23. Identify E.

Choices:

• vagus nerve
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle

Answers:

• vagus nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is located between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath. The carotid sheath has been removed in this prosection.
• Continue

Question 24

24. Identify F.

Choices:

• internal jugular vein
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• internal jugular vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the internal jugular vein. Note that it lies lateral to the vagus nerve.
• Continue

Question 25

25. Identify G.

Choices:

• common carotid artery
• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• common carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the common carotid artery. Note that it lies medial to the vagus nerve.
• Continue

Question 26

26. Identify H.

Choices:

• thyrohyoid muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• thyrohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the thyrohyoid muscle.
• Continue

Question 27

27. Identify I.

Choices:

• cricothyroid muscle
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle
• intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• vagus nerve

Answers:

• cricothyroid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘I’ is the cricothyroid muscle.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Identify A.

Choices:

• superior thyroid notch
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• superior thyroid notch

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the superior thyroid notch.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Identify B.

Choices:

• laryngeal prominence
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• laryngeal prominence

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the laryngeal prominence. It is the “Adam’s apple”, and can be palpated easily in the midline of the neck.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Identify C.

Choices:

• thyrohyoid muscle
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• thyrohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thyrohyoid muscle (C) originates from thyroid cartilage and attaches to the hyoid bone. With contraction it elevates the larynx, as occurs during swallowing.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Identify D.

Choices:

• median cricothyroid ligament
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• median cricothyroid ligament

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The median cricothyroid ligament (D) is a midline thickening of the cricothyroid membrane.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Identify E.

Choices:

• cricothyroid muscle
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament

Answers:

• cricothyroid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the cricothyroid muscle. With contraction it tilts the thyroid cartilage anteriorly, thus stretching the vocal folds and increasing the pitch of the voice.
• Continue

Question 6

6. Identify F.

Choices:

• cricoid cartilage
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• cricoid cartilage

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the cricoid cartilage. It is the ONLY cartilage in the airway that forms a complete ring. It has a narrow arch anteriorly and a wider lamina posteriorly.
• Continue

Question 7

7. Identify G.

Choices:

• isthmus of thyroid gland
• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• isthmus of thyroid gland

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘G’ is the isthmus of the thyroid gland. It connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid anterior to the trachea.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Identify H.

Choices:

• left lobe of thyroid gland
• trachea
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• left lobe of thyroid gland

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the left lobe of the thyroid gland.
• Continue

Question 9

9. Identify I.

Choices:

• trachea
• left lobe of thyroid gland
• isthmus of thyroid gland
• cricoid cartilage
• superior thyroid notch
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle

Answers:

• trachea

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The trachea (I) is the continuation of the airway inferior to the larynx.
• Continue

Question 10

10. Identify A.

Choices:

• epiglottis
• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• piriform fossa
• aryepiglottic fold
• laryngeal inlet

Answers:

• epiglottis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’A’ is the epiglottis. The epiglottis is poised over the laryngeal inlet when we breathe, and closes over it during swallowing.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Identify B.

Choices:

• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• epiglottis
• piriform fossa
• aryepiglottic fold
• laryngeal inlet

Answers:

• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (B) attaches to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. Upon contraction, it rotates the arytenoid cartilages laterally, thereby opening the rima glottidis.
• Continue

Question 12

12. Identify C.

Choices:

• piriform fossa
• epiglottis
• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• aryepiglottic fold
• laryngeal inlet

Answers:

• piriform fossa

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ’C’ is the piriform fossa, which is located lateral to the aryepiglottic fold. Inhaled articles commonly lodge here.
• Continue

Question 13

13. Identify D.

Choices:

• aryepiglottic fold
• epiglottis
• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• piriform fossa
• laryngeal inlet

Answers:

• aryepiglottic fold

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The aryepiglottic fold (D) extends from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis
• Continue

Question 14

14. Identify E.

Choices:

• laryngeal inlet
• epiglottis
• posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• piriform fossa
• aryepiglottic fold

Answers:

• laryngeal inlet

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the laryngeal inlet. This is the opening between the laryngopharynx and the larynx. It is bordered anteriorly by the superior margin of epiglottis and laterally by the aryepiglottic folds.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Identify A.

Choices:

• common carotid artery
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• common carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘A’ is the common carotid artery. It bifurcates into external and internal carotid arteries.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Identify B.

Choices:

• internal carotid artery
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• internal carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘B’ is the internal carotid artery. You can differentiate it from the external carotid artery as the internal carotid does NOT branch until it enters the cranium.
• Continue

Question 17

17. Identify C.

Choices:

• external carotid artery
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• external carotid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘C’ is the external carotid artery. It gives rise to multiple branches that supply extracranial regions of the head and neck.
• Continue

Question 18

18. Identify D.

Choices:

• carotid sinus
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• carotid sinus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The carotid sinus (D) is located at the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery. It is identifiable as the dilation in the initial part of the internal carotid artery.
• Continue

Question 19

19. Identify E.

Choices:

• thyroid gland
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus

Answers:

• thyroid gland

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘E’ is the thyroid gland.
• Continue

Question 20

20. Identify F.

Choices:

• superior thyroid artery
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• superior thyroid artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘F’ is the superior thyroid artery. This is the first branch of the external carotid artery. It descends to the apex of the ipsilateral lobe of the thyroid gland.
• Continue

Question 21

21. Identify G.

Choices:

• thyrohyoid muscle
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• thyrohyoid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thyrohyoid muscle (G) originates from thyroid cartilage and attaches to the hyoid bone. With contraction, it elevates the larynx, as during swallowing.
• Continue

Question 22

22. Identify H.

Choices:

• laryngeal prominence
• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• laryngeal prominence

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘H’ is the laryngeal prominence, which is commonly known as the Adam’s apple. It is created by the angle formed between the two laminae of the thyroid cartilage.
• Continue

Question 23

23. Identify I.

Choices:

• median cricothyroid ligament
• cricothyroid muscle
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• median cricothyroid ligament

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! ‘I’ is the median cricothyroid ligament.
• Continue

Question 24

24. Identify J.

Choices:

• cricothyroid muscle
• median cricothyroid ligament
• laryngeal prominence
• thyrohyoid muscle
• superior thyroid artery
• common carotid artery
• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• carotid sinus
• thyroid gland

Answers:

• cricothyroid muscle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! When the cricothyroid muscle (J) contracts, it tilts the thyroid cartilage anteriorly, thereby stretching the vocal folds and increasing the pitch of the voice.
• Continue

Question 25

25. Which nerve supplies sensory fibres to the vestibule of the larynx?

Choices:

• the superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch
• the superior laryngeal nerve, external branch
• the inferior / recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answers:

• the superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies sensory fibres to laryngeal mucosa above vocal fold. Recall that the vestibule of the larynx locate superior to the vocal fold.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Put the layers in the scalp in order from superficial to deep.

Choices:

• skin
• dense connective tissue
• the aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis
• loose connective tissue
• periosteum

Answers:

• skin
• dense connective tissue
• the aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis
• loose connective tissue
• periosteum

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! From superficial to deep, the scalp consists of 5 layers: Skin, Connective tissue (dense), Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Of the five layers of the scalp, it is easiest for infection to spread in the ___________ _______________ _____________ layer.

Choices:

• loose connective tissue

Answers:

• loose connective tissue

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Infection easily spread in the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp.
• Continue

Question 3

3. The propensity for the scalp to bleed profusely with a laceration is due to the highly vascularized ___________ _______________ _____________ layer.

Choices:

• dense connective tissue

Answers:

• dense connective tissue

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The dense connective tissue layer of the scalp is well vascularized. Since the CT tightly adheres to the vessels, it prevents vessel constriction upon laceration, leading to extensive bleeding.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Contraction of the ___________ muscle raises the eyebrows and causes the skin of the forehead to wrinkle.

Choices:

• frontalis

Answers:

• frontalis

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The frontalis muscle is located on the anterior aspect of frontal bone. Contraction of this muscle raises the eyebrows and causes the skin of forehead to wrinkle.
• Continue

Question 5

5. The occipitofrontalis muscle is innervated by cranial nerve _______, the ____________ nerve. (enter a roman numeral and one word, separated by a single space)

Choices:

• VII facial

Answers:

• VII facial

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The facial nerve, CN VII, innervates all muscles of facial expression, which includes the occipitofrontalis.
• Continue

Question 6

6. The lateral aspect of the scalp is supplied with blood by the ________ ________ branch of the external carotid artery.

Choices:

• superficial temporal

Answers:

• superficial temporal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superficial temporal branch of the external carotid artery supplies the lateral aspect of the scalp.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The posterior aspect of the scalp is supplied with blood by the ________ ________ branches of the external carotid artery.

Choices:

• posterior auricular

Answers:

• posterior auricular

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior auricular branch of the external carotid artery supplies the posterior aspect of the scalp.
• Continue

Question 8

8. The anterior aspect of the scalp is supplied with blood by the ________ and ________ branches of the ophthalmic artery.

Choices:

• supraorbital supratrochlear
• supratrochlear supraorbital

Answers:

• supraorbital supratrochlear
• supratrochlear supraorbital

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The supratrochlear and supraorbital branches of the ophthalmic artery supplies the anterior aspect of the scalp.
• Continue

Question 9

9. Infections of the scalp can spread intracranially via the __________ veins, which penetrate the skull to drain into intracranial vessels.

Choices:

• emissary

Answers:

• emissary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Emissary veins allow venous blood of the scalp to drain into intracranial vessels. This does provides a route for infection to spread intracranially.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The group of lymph nodes located at the base of the skull, posteriorly, are the _______________ nodes.

Choices:

• occipital

Answers:

• occipital

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The occipital nodes are cluster of lymph nodes located at the base of the skull.
• Continue

Question 11

11. The group of lymph nodes located beneath the tip of the chin are the _______________ nodes.

Choices:

• submental

Answers:

• submental

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The submental nodes of the group of lymph nodes located beneath the tip of the chin.
• Continue

Question 12

12. The group of lymph nodes located anterior to the ears are the _______________ nodes.

Choices:

• preauricular
• parotid

Answers:

• preauricular
• parotid

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The preauricular (parotid) nodes are the group of lymph nodes located anterior to the ears.
• Continue

Question 13

13. The group of lymph nodes located inferior to the body of the mandible are the _______________ nodes.

Choices:

• submandibular

Answers:

• submandibular

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The submandibular nodes are the group of lymph nodes located inferior to the body of the mandible.
• Continue

Question 14

14. The group of lymph nodes located posterior to the ears are the ____________ nodes.

Choices:

• retroauricular
• mastoid

Answers:

• retroauricular
• mastoid

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The retroauricular (mastoid) nodes are the group of lymph nodes located posterior to the ears.
• Continue

Question 15

15. Lymph from the lower lip, the anterior, inferior part of the gingiva and tip of the tongue drains into the _______________ nodes.

Choices:

• submental

Answers:

• submental

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The submental nodes drain lymph from the lower lip, anterior and inferior part of the gingiva and the tip of the tongue.
• Continue

Question 16

16. Lymph from the tongue and floor of the mouth drains into the _____________ nodes.

Choices:

• submandibular

Answers:

• submandibular

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The submandibular nodes drain lymph from the tongue and floor of the mouth.
• Continue

Question 17

17. The _________ ___________ lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein.

Choices:

• superficial cervical

Answers:

• superficial cervical

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superficial cervical lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 18

18. The _________ ___________ lymph nodes are associated with the internal jugular vein.

Choices:

• deep cervical

Answers:

• deep cervical

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The deep cervical lymph nodes are associated with the internal jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 19

19. Which of the following groups of lymph nodes drain directly into the deep cervical nodes? Choose all that apply.

Choices:

• preauricular (parotid) nodes
• retroauricular (mastoid) nodes
• occipital nodes
• mental nodes
• submandibular nodes

Answers:

• preauricular (parotid) nodes
• retroauricular (mastoid) nodes
• occipital nodes

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The occipital, preauricular and retroauricular nodes drain directly into the deep cervical nodes.
• Continue

Question 20

20. Lymph from the palatine tonsil and surrounding tissue drains into the _______________ lymph node.

Choices:

• jugulodigastric

Answers:

• jugulodigastric

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lymph from the palatine tonsil and surrounding tissue drain into the jugulodigastric lymph node. The node is located inferior to where the posterior belly of the digastric muscle crosses the internal jugular vein.
• Continue

Question 21

21. The outer layer of connective tissue surrounding the pharynx is called the _______________ fascia.

Choices:

• buccopharyngeal

Answers:

• buccopharyngeal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The buccopharyngeal fascia is the outer layer of CT surrounding the pharynx.
• Continue

Question 22

22. The subdivision of the pharynx that extends from the tip of the soft palate to the upper margin of the epiglottis is the _______________.

Choices:

• oropharynx

Answers:

• oropharynx

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The oropharynx extends from the top of the soft palate to the upper margin of the epiglottis.
• Continue

Question 23

23. The pharyngeal constrictors fuse posteriorly in the midline at the pharyngeal _________________.

Choices:

• raphe

Answers:

• raphe

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pharyngeal constrictors fuse posteriorly at the pharyngeal raphe.
• Continue

Question 24

24. The _________________ pharyngeal constrictor attaches anteriorly to the medial pterygoid plate, the mandible and to the pterygomandibular raphe.

Choices:

• superior

Answers:

• superior

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The superior pharyngeal constrictor attaches anteriorly to the medial pterygoid plate, the pterygomandibular raphe and the mandible.
• Continue

Question 25

25. The gap between the uppermost fibres of the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the base of the skull is closed by the _______________ fascia.

Choices:

• pharyngeal
• pharyngobasilar

Answers:

• pharyngeal
• pharyngobasilar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pharyngobasilar (pharyngeal) fascia covers the gap between the uppermost fibres of superior pharyngeal constrictor and the base of the skull.
• Continue

Question 26

26. The _________________ pharyngeal constrictor attaches anteriorly to the thyroid and cricoid cartilages.

Choices:

• inferior

Answers:

• inferior

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches anteriorly to the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. Fibres originating from the cricoid cartilage form the cricopharyngeus muscle or upper pharyngeal sphincter.
• Continue

Question 27

27. The _________________ pharyngeal constrictor attaches anteriorly to the greater horn of the hyoid bone and to the stylohyoid ligament.

Choices:

• middle

Answers:

• middle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The middle constrictor attaches anteriorly to the greater horn of the hyoid bone and to the stylohyoid ligament.
• Continue

Question 28

28. The _________________ muscle is the upper esophageal sphincter, and prevents air from entering the esophagus.

Choices:

• cricopharyngeus

Answers:

• cricopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The cricopharyngeus muscle is the upper esophageal sphincter which contracts to prevent air from entering the esophagus.
• Continue

Question 29

29. The longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx function to _________ the pharynx during swallowing.

Choices:

• raise
• elevate

Answers:

• raise
• elevate

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The longitudinally-oriented muscles of pharynx contract to elevate the pharynx during swallowing.
• Continue

Question 30

30. The longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx that extend from the soft palate to the inner wall of the pharynx are the _____________________.

Choices:

• palatopharyngeus

Answers:

• palatopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! As the name suggests, the palatopharyngeus originates from the soft palate and inserts into the inner wall of the pharynx. It is one of the longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx.
• Continue

Question 31

31. The longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx that extend from the pharyngotympanic tube to the inner wall of the pharynx are the ____________.

Choices:

• salpingopharyngeus

Answers:

• salpingopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The salpingopharyngeus is a longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx that extends from the pharyngotympanic tube to inner wall of pharynx.
• Continue

Question 32

32. The longitudinally-oriented muscles of the pharynx that extend from the styloid process to the inner wall of the pharynx are the ____________.

Choices:

• stylopharyngeus

Answers:

• stylopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The stylopharyngeus originates from the styloid process and insert into the inner wall of the pharynx.
• Continue

Question 33

33. The ____________ muscles enter the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictors.

Choices:

• stylopharyngeus

Answers:

• stylopharyngeus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The stylopharyngeus enter the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictors.
• Continue

Question 34

34. All muscles of the pharynx, except one, are innervated by pharyngeal branches of the ______________ nerve.

Choices:

• vagus

Answers:

• vagus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! All muscles of pharynx, except for stylopharyngeus, are innervated by the pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve.
• Continue

Question 35

35. The stylopharyngeus is innervated by pharyngeal branches of the ______________ nerve.

Choices:

• glossopharyngeal

Answers:

• glossopharyngeal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The stylopharyngeus is the ONLY muscle of pharynx innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
• Continue

Question 36

36. Sensation from the oropharynx is carried by pharyngeal branches of the ______________ nerve.

Choices:

• glossopharyngeal

Answers:

• glossopharyngeal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve contain sensory fibres, which provide sensation to the oropharynx.
• Continue

Question 37

37. Sensation from the nasopharynx is carried by pharyngeal branches of the ______________ nerve.

Choices:

• maxillary

Answers:

• maxillary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The pharyneal branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2) provide sensory innervation to the nasopharynx.
• Continue

Question 38

38. Sensation from the laryngopharynx is carried by the vagus nerve, specifically from the _____________ branch of the ____________ ____________ nerve.

Choices:

• internal superior laryngeal

Answers:

• internal superior laryngeal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of vagus, provides sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx.
• Continue