Quiz: Anatomy_Lab9

Question 1

1. On contraction, the diaphragm changes in shape and position to increase thoracic volume; it _____________ and _____________, respectively.

Choices:

• flattens descends

Answers:

• flattens descends

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! On contraction, the diaphragm flattens and descends to increase thoracic volume in the vertical dimension.
• Continue

Question 2

2. The caval hiatus of the diaphragm is located at the level of the ______ ______ vertebra.

Choices:

• 8th thoracic
• T 8
• 8 thoracic
• thoracic 8
• eighth thoracic

Answers:

• 8th thoracic
• T 8
• 8 thoracic
• thoracic 8
• eighth thoracic

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The caval hiatus is located at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebra.
• Continue

Question 3

3. While the central diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves, its periphery is innervated by _____________ nerves.

Choices:

• intercostal

Answers:

• intercostal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The periphery of the diaphragm is innervated by adjacent intercostal nerves.
• Continue

Question 4

4. The ____________ _______________ arteries are the primary source of blood supply to the diaphragm.

Choices:

• inferior phrenic

Answers:

• inferior phrenic

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior phrenic arteries are the primary source of blood to the diaphragm. The superior phrenic arteries and branches of the internal thoracic arteries contribute, as well.
• Continue

Question 5

5. The ____________ _______________ muscles, on contraction, elevate the ribs to increase the volume of the thorax.

Choices:

• external intercostal

Answers:

• external intercostal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The volume of the thorax increases with elevation of the ribs, a function of the external intercostal muscles.
• Continue

Question 6

6. In the midaxillary line, the line of pleural reflection crosses the __________ rib.

Choices:

• tenth
• 10th

Answers:

• tenth
• 10th

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The line of pleural reflection crosses the tenth rib in the midaxillary line.
• Continue

Question 7

6. In the midclavicular line, the inferior border of the lung crosses the ______ rib.

Choices:

• sixth
• 6th

Answers:

• sixth
• 6th

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior border of the lung crosses the sixth rib in the midclavicular line.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Identify space A. Be specific.

Choices:

• costodiaphragmatic recess
• right costodiaphragmatic recess

Answers:

• costodiaphragmatic recess
• right costodiaphragmatic recess

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Space A is indicating the costodiaphragmatic recess, where pleural fluid can be sampled in thoracentesis.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The pathological condition in which fluid, usually blood, fills the pericardial sac is called ___________ ____________.

Choices:

• cardiac tamponade

Answers:

• cardiac tamponade

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! In cardiac tamponade, the pericardial sac fills with fluid, usually blood. This restricts cardiac filling and therefore decreases cardiac output.
• Continue

Question 10

10. At what vertebral level is the inferior border of the lung located?

Choices:

• T10
• 10th thoracic

Answers:

• T10
• 10th thoracic

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior border of the lung at the back is located at the vertebral level of T10. Note that the inferior border of lung in midclavicular and midaxillary lines are at T6 and T8 respectively.
• Continue

Question 11

11. You place your stethoscope on a patient’s chest wall adjacent to his right nipple. You are listening to the sounds of the ____________ lobe of his right lung.

Choices:

• middle

Answers:

• middle

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Breath sounds from the middle lobe of the right lung are best heard with the stethoscope placed in the region of the right nipple.
• Continue

Question 1

1. The vagus nerves pass __________________ to the root of the lungs. (anterior or posterior)

Choices:

• posterior

Answers:

• posterior

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The vagus nerves pass posterior to the root of the lungs. The phrenic nerves, on the other hand, pass anterior to the roots of the lungs.
• Continue

Question 2

2. The anterior and posterior vagal trunks pass through the diaphragm with the __________________.

Choices:

• esophagus

Answers:

• esophagus

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The anterior and posterior vagal trunks pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm with the esophagus.
• Continue

Question 3

3. On the left side, inferior portions of the posterior thoracic wall drain via posterior intercostal veins into the __________________ vein.

Choices:

• hemiazygous

Answers:

• hemiazygous

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The hemiazygous vein receives venous blood from the posterior intercostal veins of the left lower thoracic wall.
• Continue

Question 4

4. The thoracic duct is located in the posterior mediastinum to the _____________ of the midline. (right / left)

Choices:

• right

Answers:

• right

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thoracic duct is located to the right of the midline in the posterior mediastinum, as is the azygous vein. Once it enters the superior mediastinum, it will move towards the left.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Superiorly, the thoracic aorta is located to the ______________ of the midline. (right / left)

Choices:

• left

Answers:

• left

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thoracic aorta is located to the left of the midline, superiorly, but is a midline structure by the time it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm.
• Continue

Question 6

6. Grey rami communicantes contain postganglionic sympathetic fibres that innervate which targets?

Choices:

• smooth muscle and glands in the body wall
• abdominopelvic viscera
• thoracic viscera
• smooth muscle and glands of the face

Answers:

• smooth muscle and glands in the body wall

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The grey rami communicantes lead back to the body wall, and only carry fibres that innervate this body region.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The lesser splanchnic nerve forms from contributions from the T__ to T___ spinal level. (Type two numbers separated by a single space.)

Choices:

• 10 11

Answers:

• 10 11

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lesser splanchnic nerve forms from contributions from the T10 and T11 spinal levels.
• Continue

Question 8

8. Intercostal nerves, vessels and lymphatics are located between the ____________ and ____________ intercostal muscles.

Choices:

• internal innermost
• innermost internal

Answers:

• internal innermost
• innermost internal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Intercostal nerves, vessels and lymphatics are located between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The _____ lung has three lobes, while the _____ lung two lobes.

Choices:

• right left

Answers:

• right left

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes.
• Continue

Question 10

10. Each lung lobe is supplied by a _____________ bronchus.

Choices:

• secondary
• lobar

Answers:

• secondary
• lobar

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Each lung lobe is supplied by a secondary or lobar bronchus.
• Continue

Question 11

11. The _________________ lymph nodes are located in the lung hilum.

Choices:

• tracheobronchial

Answers:

• tracheobronchial

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lung hilum contains the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, which collect lymph from the superficial (subpleural) and deep lymphatics of the lung.
• Continue

Question 12

12. The caval opening, through which the inferior vena cava passes, is located at the level of the ____________ vertebra.

Choices:

• T8
• eighth thoracic
• 8th thoracic

Answers:

• T8
• eighth thoracic
• 8th thoracic

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The IVC passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm via caval opening, located at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra (T8).
• Continue

Question 13

13. The primary source of blood to the diaphragm is from the ____________ ____________ arteries.

Choices:

• inferior phrenic

Answers:

• inferior phrenic

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The inferior phrenic arteries are primarily responsible for supplying blood to the diaphragm.
• Continue

Question 1

1. Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• sympathetic chain

Answers:

• sympathetic chain

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A is indicating the sympathetic chain. Sympathetic ganglia can be seen as small enlargements along the chain at each intercostal space.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• thoracic duct

Answers:

• thoracic duct

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The thoracic duct is between the azygous vein and thoracic aorta and it is posterior to the esophagus, which is reflected in this image.
• Continue

Question 3

3. Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• posterior intercostal artery

Answers:

• posterior intercostal artery

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The posterior intercostal artery is accompanied by the posterior intercostal vein.
• Continue

Question 4

4. Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• greater splanchnic nerve

Answers:

• greater splanchnic nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The roots of the greater splanchnic nerve arise from sympathetic ganglia at the T5 to T9 level. The nerve carries sympathetic preganglionic fibres that will synapse with sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies in the preaortic ganglia.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Identify the structure indicated.

Choices:

• intercostal nerve

Answers:

• intercostal nerve

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A indicates the intercostal nerve which provides innervation to the body wall.
• Continue

Question 1

1. The anterior border of the lungs is sharp where it extends into the __________ ___________.

Choices:

• costomediastinal recess

Answers:

• costomediastinal recess

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! When the lung fills with air, its anterior border extends into the costomediastinal recess, the groove along which the costal parietal pleura is continuous with the mediastinal parietal pleura.
• Continue

Question 2

2. Whereas the aorta arches over the root of the left lung, the __________ __________ arches over the root of the right lung.

Choices:

• azygous vein

Answers:

• azygous vein

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The azygous vein arches over the root of the right lung to empty into the superior vena cava.
• Continue

Question 3

3. What structure creates groove A?

Choices:

• aorta

Answers:

• aorta

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Groove A is created by the aorta. The superior impression indicates the location of the aortic arch, which continues as thoracic aorta inferiorly. Note: You can determine the side of the lung by identifying the number of lobes.
• Continue

Question 4

4. You are performing a bronchoscopy. As you advance the scope through the trachea, you make note of the cartilage located at its bifurcation. What is the name of this specific cartilage?

Choices:

• carina
• the carina

Answers:

• carina
• the carina

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The carina is the cartilage located at the bifurcation of the trachea.
• Continue

Question 5

5. Lobar bronchi branch to form _______________ bronchi.

Choices:

• segmental
• tertiary

Answers:

• segmental
• tertiary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Lobar (secondary) bronchi supply lung lobes, and branch to form segmental (tertiary) bronchi, which supply bronchopulmonary segments.
• Continue

Question 6

6. In the root of the lung the primary bronchi are located ______________ to the pulmonary vessels.

Choices:

• posterior

Answers:

• posterior

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! In the root of the lung, the primary bronchi are located posterior to the pulmonary vessels. Also, in general, the pulmonary arteries are located superior to the pulmonary veins.
• Continue

Question 7

7. The ________________ lymph nodes are located in the root of the lung.

Choices:

• tracheobronchial

Answers:

• tracheobronchial

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The lymph nodes located in the root of the lung are the tracheobronchial nodes.
• Continue

Question 8

8. The lung tissue supplied by a tertiary bronchus is called a ________________ _____________________.

Choices:

• bronchopulmonary segment

Answers:

• bronchopulmonary segment

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A bronchopulmonary segment is that lung tissue supplied by a tertiary (segmental) bronchus.
• Continue

Question 9

9. The smallest, functionally-independent unit of lung tissue is the ________________ __________________.

Choices:

• bronchopulmonary segment

Answers:

• bronchopulmonary segment

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! A bronchopulmonary segment is the smallest, functionally-independent unit of lung tissue. It has its own airways, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
• Continue

Question 10

10. The bronchomediastinal trunk is formed by the union of the lymphatic vessels draining the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, the ________________ lymph nodes and the __________________lymph nodes.

Choices:

• parasternal brachiocephalic
• brachiocephalic parasternal
• parasternal, brachiocephalic
• brachiocephalic, parasternal

Answers:

• parasternal brachiocephalic
• brachiocephalic parasternal
• parasternal, brachiocephalic
• brachiocephalic, parasternal

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! Lymphatics draining the parasternal and brachiocephalic lymph nodes unite with those draining the tracheobronchial lymph nodes to form the bronchomediastinal trunk.
• Continue

Question 11

11. Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibres innervating the lungs unite to form the anterior and posterior _________________ plexuses.

Choices:

• pulmonary

Answers:

• pulmonary

Comments:

• Correct
• That's right! The anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses, located on either side of the trachea and primary bronchi, are mixed autonomic plexuses that supply the lungs.
• Continue